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Connection options:
For more information, type "\?" (for internal commands) or "\help" (for SQL
commands) from within psql, or consult the psql section in the PostgreSQL
documentation.
Input and output options:
Output format options:
Parser: "%s"
Parser: "%s.%s" (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)
--help show this help, then exit
--version output version information, then exit
-1 ("one"), --single-transaction
execute command file as a single transaction
-A, --no-align unaligned table output mode
-E, --echo-hidden display queries that internal commands generate
-F, --field-separator=STRING
set field separator (default: "%s")
-H, --html HTML table output mode
-L, --log-file=FILENAME send session log to file
-P, --pset=VAR[=ARG] set printing option VAR to ARG (see \pset command)
-R, --record-separator=STRING
set record separator (default: newline)
-S, --single-line single-line mode (end of line terminates SQL command)
-T, --table-attr=TEXT set HTML table tag attributes (e.g., width, border)
-U, --username=USERNAME database user name (default: "%s")
-W, --password force password prompt (should happen automatically)
-X, --no-psqlrc do not read startup file (~/.psqlrc)
-a, --echo-all echo all input from script
-c, --command=COMMAND run only single command (SQL or internal) and exit
-d, --dbname=DBNAME database name to connect to (default: "%s")
-e, --echo-queries echo commands sent to server
-f, --file=FILENAME execute commands from file, then exit
-h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory (default: "%s")
-l, --list list available databases, then exit
-n, --no-readline disable enhanced command line editing (readline)
-o, --output=FILENAME send query results to file (or |pipe)
-p, --port=PORT database server port (default: "%s")
-q, --quiet run quietly (no messages, only query output)
-s, --single-step single-step mode (confirm each query)
-t, --tuples-only print rows only
-v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE
set psql variable NAME to VALUE
-w, --no-password never prompt for password
-x, --expanded turn on expanded table output
\! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive shell
\C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none
\H toggle HTML output mode (currently %s)
\T [STRING] set HTML <table> tag attributes, or unset if none
\a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode
\c[onnect] [DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-]
connect to new database (currently "%s")
\cd [DIR] change the current working directory
\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host
\copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms
\dC [PATTERN] list casts
\dD[S] [PATTERN] list domains
\dF[+] [PATTERN] list text search configurations
\dFd[+] [PATTERN] list text search dictionaries
\dFp[+] [PATTERN] list text search parsers
\dFt[+] [PATTERN] list text search templates
\dT[S+] [PATTERN] list data types
\d[S+] list tables, views, and sequences
\d[S+] NAME describe table, view, sequence, or index
\da[+] [PATTERN] list aggregates
\db[+] [PATTERN] list tablespaces
\dc[S] [PATTERN] list conversions
\dd[S] [PATTERN] show comments on objects
\des[+] [PATTERN] list foreign servers
\deu[+] [PATTERN] list user mappings
\dew[+] [PATTERN] list foreign-data wrappers
\df[antw][S+] [PATRN] list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions
\dg[+] [PATTERN] list roles (groups)
\di[S+] [PATTERN] list indexes
\dl list large objects, same as \lo_list
\dn[+] [PATTERN] list schemas
\do[S] [PATTERN] list operators
\dp [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access privileges
\ds[S+] [PATTERN] list sequences
\dt[S+] [PATTERN] list tables
\du[+] [PATTERN] list roles (users)
\dv[S+] [PATTERN] list views
\e [FILE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor
\echo [STRING] write string to standard output
\ef [FUNCNAME] edit function definition with external editor
\encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding
\f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output
\g [FILE] or ; execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)
\h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands
\i FILE execute commands from file
\l[+] list all databases
\lo_export LOBOID FILE
\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
\lo_list
\lo_unlink LOBOID large object operations
\o [FILE] send all query results to file or |pipe
\p show the contents of the query buffer
\password [USERNAME] securely change the password for a user
\prompt [TEXT] NAME prompt user to set internal variable
\pset NAME [VALUE] set table output option
(NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|footer|null|
numericlocale|recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager})
\q quit psql
\qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see \o)
\r reset (clear) the query buffer
\s [FILE] display history or save it to file
\set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters
\t [on|off] show only rows (currently %s)
\timing [on|off] toggle timing of commands (currently %s)
\unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable
\w FILE write query buffer to file
\x [on|off] toggle expanded output (currently %s)
\z [PATTERN] same as \dp
psql [OPTION]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]
as user "%s" at port "%s" on host "%s" %d connection %d connections %s %s (%s, server %s)
%s: %s
%s: cannot copy from/to a directory
%s: could not delete variable "%s"
%s: could not open log file "%s": %s
%s: could not set printing parameter "%s"
%s: could not set variable "%s"
%s: current transaction is aborted
%s: invalid encoding name or conversion procedure not found
%s: not connected to a database
%s: pg_strdup: cannot duplicate null pointer (internal error)
%s: unknown transaction status
%s: warning: extra command-line argument "%s" ignored
(%lu row) (%lu rows) (No rows)
***(Single step mode: verify command)*******************************************
%s
***(press return to proceed or enter x and return to cancel)********************
********* QUERY **********
%s
**************************
, clustered , invalid , predicate (%s) , tablespace "%s" ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO newowner ALTER DATABASE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DATABASE name SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER DATABASE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RESET ALL ALTER DOMAIN name
{ SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN name
{ SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN name
ADD domain_constraint
ALTER DOMAIN name
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER DOMAIN name
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DOMAIN name
SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ]) ]
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
action [ ... ] [ RESTRICT ]
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
SET SCHEMA new_schema
where action is one of:
CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
[ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
COST execution_cost
ROWS result_rows
SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO newname ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ALTER INDEX name SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
ALTER INDEX name RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] ) ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method ADD
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name ( op_type, op_type )
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method DROP
{ OPERATOR strategy_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
| FUNCTION support_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) OWNER TO newowner ALTER ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER ROLE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER ROLE name RESET ALL ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO newname
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO newowner ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ]
[ RESTART [ [ WITH ] restart ] ]
[ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ]
ALTER SEQUENCE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER SEQUENCE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER SEQUENCE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER SERVER servername [ VERSION 'newversion' ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ]
ALTER SERVER servername OWNER TO new_owner ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLE name
SET SCHEMA new_schema
where action is one of:
ADD [ COLUMN ] column type [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
DROP [ COLUMN ] column [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column [ SET DATA ] TYPE type [ USING expression ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STATISTICS integer
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }
ADD table_constraint
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
DISABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER trigger_name
ENABLE ALWAYS TRIGGER trigger_name
DISABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE REPLICA RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE ALWAYS RULE rewrite_rule_name
CLUSTER ON index_name
SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
SET WITH OIDS
SET WITHOUT OIDS
SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] )
INHERIT parent_table
NO INHERIT parent_table
OWNER TO new_owner
SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ADD MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
DROP MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR token_type [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
option [ = value ] [, ... ]
)
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER name RENAME TO newname ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name RENAME TO newname ALTER TRIGGER name ON table RENAME TO newname ALTER TYPE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER TYPE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER USER name RENAME TO newname
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER USER name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER USER name RESET ALL ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER VIEW name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER VIEW name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER VIEW name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name OWNER TO new_owner ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ ( column [, ...] ) ] ] Access privileges Argument data types Asynchronous notification "%s" received from server process with PID %d.
Attributes Available help:
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY Border style is %d.
CHECKPOINT CLOSE { name | ALL } CLUSTER [VERBOSE] tablename [ USING indexname ]
CLUSTER [VERBOSE] COMMENT ON
{
TABLE object_name |
COLUMN table_name.column_name |
AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type [, ...] ) |
CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) |
CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
CONVERSION object_name |
DATABASE object_name |
DOMAIN object_name |
FUNCTION func_name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) |
INDEX object_name |
LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
OPERATOR op (leftoperand_type, rightoperand_type) |
OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
OPERATOR FAMILY object_name USING index_method |
[ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
ROLE object_name |
RULE rule_name ON table_name |
SCHEMA object_name |
SEQUENCE object_name |
TABLESPACE object_name |
TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION object_name |
TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY object_name |
TEXT SEARCH PARSER object_name |
TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE object_name |
TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
TYPE object_name |
VIEW object_name
} IS 'text' COMMIT PREPARED transaction_id COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] COPY data transfer failed: %s COPY tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
FROM { 'filename' | STDIN }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ]
COPY { tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ] | ( query ) }
TO { 'filename' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ] CREATE AGGREGATE name ( input_data_type [ , ... ] ) (
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
)
or the old syntax
CREATE AGGREGATE name (
BASETYPE = base_type,
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
) CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH FUNCTION funcname (argtypes)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH INOUT
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name
AFTER event [ OR ... ]
ON table_name
[ FROM referenced_table_name ]
{ NOT DEFERRABLE | [ DEFERRABLE ] { INITIALLY IMMEDIATE | INITIALLY DEFERRED } }
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE DATABASE name
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] dbowner ]
[ TEMPLATE [=] template ]
[ ENCODING [=] encoding ]
[ LC_COLLATE [=] lc_collate ]
[ LC_CTYPE [=] lc_ctype ]
[ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ]
[ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ] CREATE DOMAIN name [ AS ] data_type
[ DEFAULT expression ]
[ constraint [ ... ] ]
where constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK (expression) } CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE GROUP name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type
USING index_method [ FAMILY family_name ] AS
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ]
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
| STORAGE storage_type
} [, ... ] CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method CREATE OPERATOR name (
PROCEDURE = funcname
[, LEFTARG = lefttype ] [, RIGHTARG = righttype ]
[, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ]
[, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ]
[, HASHES ] [, MERGES ]
) CREATE ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE SCHEMA schemaname [ AUTHORIZATION username ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION username [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SERVER servername [ TYPE 'servertype' ] [ VERSION 'serverversion' ]
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE TABLESPACE tablespacename [ OWNER username ] LOCATION 'directory' CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name (
PARSER = parser_name |
COPY = source_config
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
TEMPLATE = template
[, option = value [, ... ]]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER name (
START = start_function ,
GETTOKEN = gettoken_function ,
END = end_function ,
LEXTYPES = lextypes_function
[, HEADLINE = headline_function ]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name (
[ INIT = init_function , ]
LEXIZE = lexize_function
) CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ... ] }
ON table [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE TYPE name AS
( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name AS ENUM
( 'label' [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name (
INPUT = input_function,
OUTPUT = output_function
[ , RECEIVE = receive_function ]
[ , SEND = send_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_IN = type_modifier_input_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_OUT = type_modifier_output_function ]
[ , ANALYZE = analyze_function ]
[ , INTERNALLENGTH = { internallength | VARIABLE } ]
[ , PASSEDBYVALUE ]
[ , ALIGNMENT = alignment ]
[ , STORAGE = storage ]
[ , LIKE = like_type ]
[ , CATEGORY = category ]
[ , PREFERRED = preferred ]
[ , DEFAULT = default ]
[ , ELEMENT = element ]
[ , DELIMITER = delimiter ]
)
CREATE TYPE name CREATE USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [ , ... ] ) ] CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE [ DEFAULT ] CONVERSION name
FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM funcname CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } defexpr ] [, ...] ] )
[ RETURNS rettype
| RETURNS TABLE ( colname coltype [, ...] ) ]
{ LANGUAGE langname
| WINDOW
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
| COST execution_cost
| ROWS result_rows
| SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT }
| AS 'definition'
| AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ] CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE name AS ON event
TO table [ WHERE condition ]
DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | command | ( command ; command ... ) } CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
AS query CREATE [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR valfunction ] CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ] CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] name ON table [ USING method ]
( { column | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] )
[ WITH ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] ) ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
[ WHERE predicate ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name
[ (column_name [, ...] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
AS query
[ WITH [ NO ] DATA ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( [
{ column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
| table_constraint
| LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES } ] ... }
[, ... ]
] )
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
where column_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL |
NULL |
UNIQUE index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
[ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
and table_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
index_parameters in UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints are:
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] Cannot add cell to table content: total cell count of %d exceeded.
Cannot add header to table content: column count of %d exceeded.
Cannot login Check Check constraints: Collation Column Column access privileges Command: %s
Description: %s
Syntax:
%s
Composite type "%s.%s" Connection
Create DB Create role Ctype DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] { name | ALL } DECLARE name [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ]
CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR query DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] table [ [ AS ] alias ]
[ USING usinglist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] DISCARD { ALL | PLANS | TEMPORARY | TEMP } DROP AGGREGATE [ IF EXISTS ] name ( type [ , ... ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CAST [ IF EXISTS ] (sourcetype AS targettype) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CONVERSION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP DATABASE [ IF EXISTS ] name DROP DOMAIN [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FUNCTION [ IF EXISTS ] name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP GROUP [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP INDEX [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR CLASS [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR FAMILY [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR [ IF EXISTS ] name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OWNED BY name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP ROLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP RULE [ IF EXISTS ] name ON relation [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SCHEMA [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SEQUENCE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SERVER [ IF EXISTS ] servername [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLESPACE [ IF EXISTS ] tablespacename DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TRIGGER [ IF EXISTS ] name ON table [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TYPE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP USER MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC } SERVER servername DROP USER [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP VIEW [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] Default footer is off. Default footer is on. Default? Description Destination Dictionaries Did not find any relation named "%s".
Did not find any relation with OID %s.
Did not find any text search configuration named "%s".
Did not find any text search parser named "%s".
Disabled rules: Disabled triggers: END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] EXECUTE name [ ( parameter [, ...] ) ] EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] statement Elements Encoding End parse Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself. Enter it again: Enter new password: Expanded display is off.
Expanded display is on.
FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname
where direction can be empty or one of:
NEXT
PRIOR
FIRST
LAST
ABSOLUTE count
RELATIVE count
count
ALL
FORWARD
FORWARD count
FORWARD ALL
BACKWARD
BACKWARD count
BACKWARD ALL Failed.
Field separator is "%s".
Foreign-data wrapper Foreign-key constraints: Formatting
Function GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT role [, ...] TO rolename [, ...] [ WITH ADMIN OPTION ] General
General options:
Get headline Get next token Get token types Has OIDs ID INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) [, ...] | query }
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] Implicit? Index "%s.%s" Indexes: Informational
Inherits Init Init options Input/Output
Internal name Interrupted
Invalid command \%s. Try \? for help.
LISTEN name LOAD 'filename' LOCK [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [, ...] [ IN lockmode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]
where lockmode is one of:
ACCESS SHARE | ROW SHARE | ROW EXCLUSIVE | SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE
| SHARE | SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | EXCLUSIVE | ACCESS EXCLUSIVE Language Large Objects
Large objects Left arg type Lexize List of aggregate functions List of casts List of conversions List of data types List of databases List of domains List of foreign servers List of foreign-data wrappers List of functions List of operators List of relations List of roles List of schemas List of tablespaces List of text search configurations List of text search dictionaries List of text search parsers List of text search templates List of user mappings Locale-adjusted numeric output is off. Location MOVE [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname Member of Method Modifier Modifiers NOTIFY name Name No changes No connections No help available for "%-.*s".
Try \h with no arguments to see available help.
No inheritance No matching relations found.
No relations found.
Null display is "%s".
Object Object descriptions Operating System
Options Output format is %s.
Owner PREPARE TRANSACTION transaction_id PREPARE name [ ( datatype [, ...] ) ] AS statement Pager is always used. Pager is used for long output. Pager usage is off. Password encryption failed.
Password for user %s: Password: Passwords didn't match.
Previous connection kept
Query Buffer
Query buffer is empty. Query buffer reset (cleared). REASSIGN OWNED BY old_role [, ...] TO new_role REINDEX { INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM } name [ FORCE ] RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ ADMIN OPTION FOR ]
role [, ...] FROM rolename [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] ROLLBACK PREPARED transaction_id ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name Record separator is "%s".
Record separator is <newline>. Referenced by: Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.
Result data type Result type Right arg type Role name Rules firing always: Rules firing on replica only: Rules: SAVEPOINT savepoint_name SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | name [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE } SET TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE rolename
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE NONE
RESET ROLE SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION username
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { timezone | LOCAL | DEFAULT } SHOW name
SHOW ALL SSL connection (cipher: %s, bits: %i)
SSL connection (unknown cipher)
START TRANSACTION [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY Schema Sequence "%s.%s" Server Showing locale-adjusted numeric output. Showing only tuples. Size Source Source code Source type Special relation "%s.%s" Start parse Storage Succeeded.
Superuser TOAST table "%s.%s" TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [, ... ]
[ RESTART IDENTITY | CONTINUE IDENTITY ] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] Table Table "%s.%s" Table attribute is "%s".
Table attributes unset.
Tablespace Tablespace: "%s" Target type Target width for "wrapped" format is %d.
Template Text search configuration "%s" Text search configuration "%s.%s" Text search parser "%s" Text search parser "%s.%s" The connection to the server was lost. Attempting reset: The server (version %d.%d) does not support foreign servers.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support foreign-data wrappers.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support full text search.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support savepoints for ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support tablespaces.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support user mappings.
Time: %.3f ms
Timing is off. Timing is on. Title is "%s".
Title is unset.
Token Token name Token types for parser "%s" Token types for parser "%s.%s" Triggers firing always: Triggers firing on replica only: Triggers: Try "%s --help" for more information.
Tuples only is off. Type Type "help" for help.
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help with psql commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit
UNLISTEN { name | * } UPDATE [ ONLY ] table [ [ AS ] alias ]
SET { column = { expression | DEFAULT } |
( column [, ...] ) = ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) } [, ...]
[ FROM fromlist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] Usage:
Use "\q" to leave %s.
User name VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ table ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] ANALYZE [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ] VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) [, ...]
[ ORDER BY sort_expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ] Validator Value Variables
Version View "%s.%s" View definition: Volatility WARNING: %s version %d.%d, server version %d.%d.
Some psql features might not work.
WARNING: Console code page (%u) differs from Windows code page (%u)
8-bit characters might not work correctly. See psql reference
page "Notes for Windows users" for details.
Wrote history to file "%s/%s".
You are currently not connected to a database.
You are now connected to database "%s" You are using psql, the command-line interface to PostgreSQL. [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ] [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ]
where from_item can be one of:
[ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
( select ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ]
with_query_name [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] | column_definition [, ...] ) ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) AS ( column_definition [, ...] )
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item [ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column [, ...] ) ]
and with_query is:
with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS ( select )
TABLE { [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] | with_query_name } \!: failed
\%s: could not change directory to "%s": %s
\%s: error
\%s: extra argument "%s" ignored
\%s: missing required argument
\connect: %s \copy: %s \copy: arguments required
\copy: parse error at "%s"
\copy: parse error at end of line
\copy: unexpected response (%d)
\df does not take a "w" option with server version %d.%d
\df only takes [antwS+] as options
\pset: allowed formats are unaligned, aligned, wrapped, html, latex, troff-ms
\pset: unknown option: %s
abort the current transaction aborted because of read failure agg aggregate cancel a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit canceled by user cannot locate temporary directory: %s change a database change a database role change a run-time parameter change role name or membership change the definition of a conversion change the definition of a domain change the definition of a foreign server change the definition of a foreign-data wrapper change the definition of a function change the definition of a procedural language change the definition of a schema change the definition of a sequence generator change the definition of a table change the definition of a tablespace change the definition of a text search configuration change the definition of a text search dictionary change the definition of a text search parser change the definition of a text search template change the definition of a trigger change the definition of a type change the definition of a user mapping change the definition of a view change the definition of an aggregate function change the definition of an index change the definition of an operator change the definition of an operator class change the definition of an operator family change the ownership of database objects owned by a database role child process exited with exit code %d child process exited with unrecognized status %d child process was terminated by exception 0x%X child process was terminated by signal %d child process was terminated by signal %s close a cursor cluster a table according to an index collect statistics about a database commit a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit commit the current transaction compute a set of rows connection to server was lost
contains support for command-line editing copy data between a file and a table could not change directory to "%s" could not find a "%s" to execute could not get current user name: %s
could not get home directory: %s
could not identify current directory: %s could not open temporary file "%s": %s
could not read binary "%s" could not read from input file: %s
could not read symbolic link "%s" could not save history to file "%s": %s
could not start /bin/sh
could not start editor "%s"
could not write COPY data: %s
create a new database create new rows in a table data type deallocate a prepared statement default %s define a cursor define a new aggregate function define a new cast define a new constraint trigger define a new data type define a new database role define a new domain define a new encoding conversion define a new foreign server define a new foreign-data wrapper define a new function define a new index define a new mapping of a user to a foreign server define a new operator define a new operator class define a new operator family define a new procedural language define a new rewrite rule define a new savepoint within the current transaction define a new schema define a new sequence generator define a new table define a new table from the results of a query define a new tablespace define a new text search configuration define a new text search dictionary define a new text search parser define a new text search template define a new trigger define a new view define access privileges define or change the comment of an object delete rows of a table destroy a previously defined savepoint discard session state empty a table or set of tables execute a prepared statement for table "%s.%s" force a transaction log checkpoint function garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database generate a notification history is not supported by this installation
immutable in assignment index invalid binary "%s" invalid command \%s
invalid output format (internal error): %d listen for a notification load a shared library file local socket lock a table no no query buffer
normal not null off on operator out of memory out of memory
position a cursor prepare a statement for execution prepare the current transaction for two-phase commit primary key, psql is the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.
rebuild indexes remove a cast remove a conversion remove a data type remove a database remove a database role remove a domain remove a foreign server descriptor remove a foreign-data wrapper remove a function remove a procedural language remove a rewrite rule remove a schema remove a sequence remove a table remove a tablespace remove a text search configuration remove a text search dictionary remove a text search parser remove a text search template remove a trigger remove a user mapping for a foreign server remove a view remove access privileges remove an aggregate function remove an index remove an operator remove an operator class remove an operator family remove database objects owned by a database role restore the value of a run-time parameter to the default value retrieve rows from a query using a cursor retrieve rows from a table or view roll back to a savepoint rule sequence set constraint checking modes for the current transaction set the characteristics of the current transaction set the current user identifier of the current session set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session show the execution plan of a statement show the value of a run-time parameter special stable start a transaction block stop listening for a notification table trigger trying to exit copy mode unique, update rows of a table view volatile window yes Project-Id-Version: PostgreSQL 8.4
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-09-09 16:34+0000
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-24 12:38-0400
Last-Translator: EnterpriseDB translation team <dev-escalations@enterprisedb.com>
Language-Team: EnterpriseDB translation team <dev-escalations@enterprisedb.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=euc-kr
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;
ɼǵ:
ڼ edb-psql "\?"( ) Ǵ "\help"(SQL
) Էϰų PostgreSQL
psql Ͻʽÿ.
ɼ:
ɼ:
ļ: "%s"
ļ: "%s.%s" (ɼ: S = ý ü ǥ, + = ߰ )
--help ְ ħ
--version ְ ħ
-1 ("one"), --single-transaction
ϳ Ʈ
-A, --no-align ĵ ǥ
-E, --echo-hidden ϴ ǥ
-F, --field-separator=STRING
ʵ (⺻ : "%s")
-H, --html HTML ǥ
-L, --log-file=FILENAME α Ϸ
-P, --pset=VAR[=ARG] μ ɼ VAR ARG (\pset )
-R, --record-separator=STRING
ڵ (⺻ : ٹٲ )
-S, --single-line ( SQL )
-T, --table-attr=TEXT HTML table ± Ӽ (: width, border)
-U, --username=USERNAME ͺ̽ ̸(⺻ : "%s")
-W, --password ȣ Է Ʈ (ڵ ó)
-X, --no-psqlrc (~/.psqlrc)
-a, --echo-all ũƮ Է ǥ
-c, --command=COMMAND ϳ (SQL Ǵ ) ϰ
-d, --dbname=DBNAME ͺ̽ ̸(⺻ : "%s")
-e, --echo-queries ǥ
-f, --file=FILENAME ȿ ϰ
-h, --host=HOSTNAME ͺ̽ ȣƮ Ǵ (⺻ : "%s")
-l, --list ͺ̽ ǥϰ
-n, --no-readline Ȯ (readline)
-o, --output=FILENAME (Ǵ |)
-p, --port=PORT ͺ̽ Ʈ(⺻ : "%s")
-q, --quiet ڵ ( ǥ)
-s, --single-step ܵ ( Ȯ)
-t, --tuples-only ุ μ
-v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE
psql NAME VALUE
-w, --no-password ȣ Ʈ ǥ
-x, --expanded Ȯ ǥ ·
\! [COMMAND] Ǵ ȭ
\C [STRING] ̺ Ǵ
\H HTML ȯ( %s)
\T [STRING] HTML <table> ± Ӽ Ǵ
\a ĵ ĵ ȯ
\c[onnect] [DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-]
ͺ̽ ( "%s")
\cd [DIR] ۾
\copy ... Ŭ̾Ʈ ȣƮ Ʈ SQL COPY
\copyright PostgreSQL ۱ ǥ
\dC [PATTERN] ȯ
\dD[S] [PATTERN]
\dF[+] [PATTERN] ؽƮ ˻
\dFd[+] [PATTERN] ؽƮ ˻
\dFp[+] [PATTERN] ؽƮ ˻ ļ
\dFt[+] [PATTERN] ؽƮ ˻ ø
\dT[S+] [PATTERN]
\d[S+] ̺,
\d[S+] NAME ̺, , Ǵ ε
\da[+] [PATTERN]
\db[+] [PATTERN] ̺̽
\dc[S] [PATTERN] ȯ
\dd[S] [PATTERN] ü ּ ǥ
\des[+] [PATTERN] ܺ
\deu[+] [PATTERN]
\dew[+] [PATTERN] ܺ
\df[antw][S+] [PATRN] [only agg/normal/trigger/window] Լ
\dg[+] [PATTERN] ()
\di[S+] [PATTERN] ε
\dl ū ü , \lo_list ɰ
\dn[+] [PATTERN] Ű
\do[S] [PATTERN]
\dp [PATTERN] ̺,
\ds[S+] [PATTERN]
\dt[S+] [PATTERN] ̺
\du[+] [PATTERN] ()
\dv[S+] [PATTERN]
\e [FILE] ܺ (Ǵ )
\echo [STRING] ڿ ǥ ¿
\ef [FUNCNAME] ܺ Լ
\encoding [ENCODING] Ŭ̾Ʈ ڵ ǥ Ǵ
\f [STRING] ĵ ¿ ʵ ǥ Ǵ
\g [FILE] Ǵ ( Ǵ | )
\h [NAME] SQL ǥ, ǥϷ * Է
\i FILE Ͽ
\l[+] ͺ̽
\lo_export LOBOID FILE
\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
\lo_list
\lo_unlink LOBOID ū ü ۾
\o [FILE] Ǵ |
\p ǥ
\password [USERNAME] ȣ ϰ
\prompt [TEXT] NAME ڿ ϶ ǥ
\pset NAME [VALUE] ̺ ɼ
(NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|footer|null|
numericlocale|recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager})
\q psql
\qecho [STRING] ڿ Ʈ (\o )
\r ʱȭ( )
\s [FILE] ǥ Ǵ Ͽ
\set [NAME [VALUE]] Ǵ Ű ǥ
\t [on|off] ุ ǥ( %s)
\timing [on|off] ð ȯ( %s)
\unset NAME ()
\w FILE ۸ Ͽ
\x [on|off] Ȯ ȯ( %s)
\z [PATTERN] \dp
psql [OPTION]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]
: "%s" Ʈ: "%s" ȣƮ: "%s" %d %s %s(%s, %s )
%s: %s
%s: Ǵ
%s: "%s"
%s: "%s" α : %s
%s: Ű "%s"
%s: "%s"
%s: Ʈ
%s: Ÿġ ڵ ̸ Ǵ ڼ ȯ ν
%s: ͺ̽ Ǿ
%s: pg_strdup: ߺ ( )
%s: Ʈ
%s: : ߰ μ "%s" õ
(%lu ) (ش ڷ )
***(ܵ : Ȯ)*********************************************
%s
***(Enter: , x Enter: )********************
********** **********
%s
**************************
, Ŭ , ߸ , predicate (%s) , "%s" ̺̽ ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ALTER AGGREGATE ̸ ( type [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO ̸
ALTER AGGREGATE ̸ ( type [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO
ALTER AGGREGATE ̸ ( type [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA Ű ALTER CONVERSION ̸ RENAME TO ̸
ALTER CONVERSION ̸ OWNER TO ALTER DATABASE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
⼭ option ֽϴ.
CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DATABASE name SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER DATABASE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RESET ALL ALTER DOMAIN name
{ SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN name
{ SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN name
ADD domain_constraint
ALTER DOMAIN name
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER DOMAIN name
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DOMAIN name
SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ]) ]
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
action [ ... ] [ RESTRICT ]
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
SET SCHEMA new_schema
⼭ action ϳԴϴ.
CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
[ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
COST execution_cost
ROWS result_rows
SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO newname ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ALTER INDEX name SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
ALTER INDEX name RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] ) ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method ADD
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name ( op_type, op_type )
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method DROP
{ OPERATOR strategy_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
| FUNCTION support_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) OWNER TO newowner ALTER ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
⼭ option ֽϴ.
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER ROLE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER ROLE name RESET ALL ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO newname
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO newowner ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ]
[ RESTART [ [ WITH ] restart ] ]
[ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ]
ALTER SEQUENCE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER SEQUENCE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER SEQUENCE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER SERVER servername [ VERSION 'newversion' ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ]
ALTER SERVER servername OWNER TO new_owner ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLE name
SET SCHEMA new_schema
⼭ action ϳԴϴ.
ADD [ COLUMN ] column type [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
DROP [ COLUMN ] column [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column [ SET DATA ] TYPE type [ USING expression ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STATISTICS integer
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }
ADD table_constraint
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
DISABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER trigger_name
ENABLE ALWAYS TRIGGER trigger_name
DISABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE REPLICA RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE ALWAYS RULE rewrite_rule_name
CLUSTER ON index_name
SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
SET WITH OIDS
SET WITHOUT OIDS
SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] )
INHERIT parent_table
NO INHERIT parent_table
OWNER TO new_owner
SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ADD MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
DROP MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR token_type [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
option [ = value ] [, ... ]
)
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER name RENAME TO newname ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name RENAME TO newname ALTER TRIGGER ̸ ON ̺ RENAME TO ̸ ALTER TYPE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER TYPE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
⼭ option ֽϴ.
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER USER name RENAME TO newname
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER USER name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER USER name RESET ALL ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER VIEW name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER VIEW name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER VIEW name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name OWNER TO new_owner ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ ( column [, ...] ) ] ] ڷ μ ȭ ȣ "%s" ش μ PID %d.
Ӽ :
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY html ̺ θ %d ߽ϴ.
CHECKPOINT CLOSE { name | ALL } CLUSTER [VERBOSE] tablename [ USING indexname ]
CLUSTER [VERBOSE] COMMENT ON
{
TABLE object_name |
COLUMN table_name.column_name |
AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type [, ...] ) |
CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) |
CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
CONVERSION object_name |
DATABASE object_name |
DOMAIN object_name |
FUNCTION func_name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) |
INDEX object_name |
LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
OPERATOR op (leftoperand_type, rightoperand_type) |
OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
OPERATOR FAMILY object_name USING index_method |
[ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
ROLE object_name |
RULE rule_name ON table_name |
SCHEMA object_name |
SEQUENCE object_name |
TABLESPACE object_name |
TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION object_name |
TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY object_name |
TEXT SEARCH PARSER object_name |
TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE object_name |
TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
TYPE object_name |
VIEW object_name
} IS 'text' COMMIT PREPARED transaction_id COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] COPY ڷ ȯ : %s COPY tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
FROM { 'filename' | STDIN }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ]
COPY { tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ] | ( query ) }
TO { 'filename' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ] CREATE AGGREGATE name ( input_data_type [ , ... ] ) (
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
)
or the old syntax
CREATE AGGREGATE name (
BASETYPE = base_type,
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
) CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH FUNCTION funcname (argtypes)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH INOUT
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name
AFTER event [ OR ... ]
ON table_name
[ FROM referenced_table_name ]
{ NOT DEFERRABLE | [ DEFERRABLE ] { INITIALLY IMMEDIATE | INITIALLY DEFERRED } }
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE DATABASE name
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] dbowner ]
[ TEMPLATE [=] template ]
[ ENCODING [=] encoding ]
[ LC_COLLATE [=] lc_collate ]
[ LC_CTYPE [=] lc_ctype ]
[ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ]
[ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ] CREATE DOMAIN name [ AS ] data_type
[ DEFAULT expression ]
[ constraint [ ... ] ]
where constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK (expression) } CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE GROUP name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type
USING index_method [ FAMILY family_name ] AS
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ]
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
| STORAGE storage_type
} [, ... ] CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method CREATE OPERATOR name (
PROCEDURE = funcname
[, LEFTARG = lefttype ] [, RIGHTARG = righttype ]
[, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ]
[, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ]
[, HASHES ] [, MERGES ]
) CREATE ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE SCHEMA schemaname [ AUTHORIZATION username ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION username [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SERVER servername [ TYPE 'servertype' ] [ VERSION 'serverversion' ]
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE TABLESPACE tablespacename [ OWNER username ] LOCATION 'directory' CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name (
PARSER = parser_name |
COPY = source_config
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
TEMPLATE = template
[, option = value [, ... ]]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER name (
START = start_function ,
GETTOKEN = gettoken_function ,
END = end_function ,
LEXTYPES = lextypes_function
[, HEADLINE = headline_function ]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name (
[ INIT = init_function , ]
LEXIZE = lexize_function
) CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ... ] }
ON table [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE TYPE name AS
( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name AS ENUM
( 'label' [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name (
INPUT = input_function,
OUTPUT = output_function
[ , RECEIVE = receive_function ]
[ , SEND = send_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_IN = type_modifier_input_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_OUT = type_modifier_output_function ]
[ , ANALYZE = analyze_function ]
[ , INTERNALLENGTH = { internallength | VARIABLE } ]
[ , PASSEDBYVALUE ]
[ , ALIGNMENT = alignment ]
[ , STORAGE = storage ]
[ , LIKE = like_type ]
[ , CATEGORY = category ]
[ , PREFERRED = preferred ]
[ , DEFAULT = default ]
[ , ELEMENT = element ]
[ , DELIMITER = delimiter ]
)
CREATE TYPE name CREATE USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [ , ... ] ) ] CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE [ DEFAULT ] CONVERSION name
FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM funcname CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } defexpr ] [, ...] ] )
[ RETURNS rettype
| RETURNS TABLE ( colname coltype [, ...] ) ]
{ LANGUAGE langname
| WINDOW
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
| COST execution_cost
| ROWS result_rows
| SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT }
| AS 'definition'
| AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ] CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE name AS ON event
TO table [ WHERE condition ]
DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | command | ( command ; command ... ) } CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
AS query CREATE [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR valfunction ] CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ] CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] name ON table [ USING method ]
( { column | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] )
[ WITH ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] ) ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
[ WHERE predicate ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name
[ (column_name [, ...] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
AS query
[ WITH [ NO ] DATA ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( [
{ column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
| table_constraint
| LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES } ] ... }
[, ... ]
] )
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
where column_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL |
NULL |
UNIQUE index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
[ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
and table_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
index_parameters in UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints are:
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] ̺ 뿡 ߰ : %d ʰ߽ϴ.
̺ 뿡 ߰ : %d ʰ߽ϴ.
α üũ üũ : ʵ : %s
: %s
:
%s
"%s.%s" ڷ
DB Ctype DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] { name | ALL } DECLARE name [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ]
CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR query DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] table [ [ AS ] alias ]
[ USING usinglist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] DISCARD { ALL | PLANS | TEMPORARY | TEMP } DROP AGGREGATE [ IF EXISTS ] name ( type [ , ... ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CAST [ IF EXISTS ] (sourcetype AS targettype) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CONVERSION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP DATABASE [ IF EXISTS ] name DROP DOMAIN [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FUNCTION [ IF EXISTS ] name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP GROUP [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP INDEX [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR CLASS [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR FAMILY [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR [ IF EXISTS ] name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OWNED BY name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP ROLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP RULE [ IF EXISTS ] name ON relation [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SCHEMA [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SEQUENCE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SERVER [ IF EXISTS ] servername [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLESPACE [ IF EXISTS ] tablespacename DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TRIGGER [ IF EXISTS ] name ON table [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TYPE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP USER MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC } SERVER servername DROP USER [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP VIEW [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] ⺻ ⺻ ʱⰪ? "%s" ̸ ̼(relation) .
%s oid ̼(relation) ã .
"%s"() ؽƮ ˻ ã ߽ϴ.
"%s"() ؽƮ ˻ ļ ã ߽ϴ.
Ģ: Ʈ: END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] EXECUTE name [ ( parameter [, ...] ) ] EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] statement ڵ м ٿ ڵ徿 Էϰ
ڷԷ backslash (\.) ó Էմϴ. ٽ Է ּ: ȣ Էϼ: Ϲ ϴ.
Ȯ ϴ.
FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname
where direction can be empty or one of:
NEXT
PRIOR
FIRST
LAST
ABSOLUTE count
RELATIVE count
count
ALL
FORWARD
FORWARD count
FORWARD ALL
BACKWARD
BACKWARD count
BACKWARD ALL .
ʵ "%s".
ܺ Foreign-key :
Լ GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT role [, ...] TO rolename [, ...] [ WITH ADMIN OPTION ] Ϲ
Ϲ ɼ:
ū ū OID ID INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) [, ...] | query }
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] Implicit? "%s.%s" ε ε:
ʱȭ ʱȭ ɼ Է/
̸ ƮƮ
߸ : \%s. \?.
LISTEN name LOAD 'filename' LOCK [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [, ...] [ IN lockmode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]
⼭ lockmode ϳԴϴ.
ACCESS SHARE | ROW SHARE | ROW EXCLUSIVE | SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE
| SHARE | SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | EXCLUSIVE | ACCESS EXCLUSIVE ū ü
Large objects μ ڷ Lexize Լ ȯ ڵ庯ȯĢ(conversion) ڷ ͺ̽ (domain) ܺ ܺ Լ ̼(relation) Ű(schema) ̺̽ ؽƮ ˻ ؽƮ ˻ ؽƮ ˻ ļ ؽƮ ˻ ø Ķ . ġ MOVE [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname : Ÿ Ÿ NOTIFY name ̸ "%-.*s" .
\h μ ȣ ϸ .
˻ǿ ġϴ ̼(relation) .
̼(relation) .
Null "%s" ڷ .
ü ü ü
ɼ : %s.
PREPARE TRANSACTION transaction_id PREPARE name [ ( datatype [, ...] ) ] AS statement pager . ȭ (ü ڷ ) ȣ ȣȭ
%s ȣ: ȣ: ȣ Ʋϴ.
Ǿ
۰ . ʱȭ (). REASSIGN OWNED BY old_role [, ...] TO new_role REINDEX { INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM } name [ FORCE ] RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ ADMIN OPTION FOR ]
role [, ...] FROM rolename [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] ROLLBACK PREPARED transaction_id ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name ڵ "%s".
ڵ ڴ ٹٲ Դϴ. : : <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.
Result ڷ Result ڷ μ ڷ ̸ ϴ Ģ: ϴ Ģ: (rule): SAVEPOINT savepoint_name SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | name [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE } SET TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE rolename
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE NONE
RESET ROLE SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION username
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { timezone | LOCAL | DEFAULT } SHOW name
SHOW ALL SSL (ȣ: %s, Ʈ: %i)
SSL ( ȣ)
START TRANSACTION [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY Ű "%s.%s" Ķ . ʵ̸ ڷḸ ݴϴ. ũ ҽ ҽ ڵ Source ڷ "%s.%s" Ư ̼(relation) м 丮 .
superuser "%s.%s" TOAST ̺ TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [, ... ]
[ RESTART IDENTITY | CONTINUE IDENTITY ] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] ̺ "%s.%s" ̺ <table %s>· ǥ˴ϴ.
<table> · ǥ˴ϴ.
̺̽ ̺̽: "%s" Target ڷ "wrapped" ʺ %dԴϴ.
ø ؽƮ ˻ "%s" ؽƮ ˻ "%s.%s" "%s" ؽƮ ˻ ļ "%s.%s" ؽƮ ˻ ļ κ ϴ. ٽ õմϴ: (%d.%d ) ܺ ʽϴ.
(%d.%d ) ܺ ۸ ʽϴ.
(%d.%d ) ü ؽƮ ˻ ʽϴ.
(%d.%d ) ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK savepoint ʽϴ.
(%d.%d ) ̺̽ ʽϴ.
(%d.%d ) ʽϴ.
۾ð: %.3f ms
۾ð ۾ð ̺ : "%s"
̺ ʾҽϴ.
ū ū ̸ "%s" ļ ū "%s.%s" ļ ū ϴ Ʈ: ϴ Ʈ: Ʈŵ: ڼ "%s --help"
ʵ̸ ڷḦ ݴϴ. "help" ԷϽʽÿ.
: \copyright ۱
\h SQL
\? psql
\g Ǵ ݷ(;)
\q
UNLISTEN { name | * } UPDATE [ ONLY ] table [ [ AS ] alias ]
SET { column = { expression | DEFAULT } |
( column [, ...] ) = ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) } [, ...]
[ FROM fromlist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] :
ġ "\q" Էϼ: %s
̸ VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ table ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] ANALYZE [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ] VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) [, ...]
[ ORDER BY sort_expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ] ȿ ˻
"%s.%s" (view) : ֹ : %s %d.%d, %d.%d.
Ϻ psql ۵ ֽϴ.
: ܼ ڵ (%u) Windows ڵ (%u)
8Ʈ ڰ ùٸ ǥõ ֽϴ. ڼ psql
"Notes for Windows users" Ͻʽÿ.
ɳ(history) "%s/%s" Ͽ ߽ϴ.
ͺ̽ Ǿ ʽϴ.
"%s" ͺ̽ ߽ϴ PostgreSQL ̽ psql ϰ ֽϴ. [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ] [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ]
⼭ from_item ϳ ֽϴ.
[ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
( select ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ]
with_query_name [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] | column_definition [, ...] ) ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) AS ( column_definition [, ...] )
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item [ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column [, ...] ) ]
and with_query is:
with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS ( select )
TABLE { [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] | with_query_name } \!:
\%s: "%s" ̵ : %s
\%s:
\%s: "%s" ߰ μ õǾ
\%s: ʿ μ
\: %s \copy: %s \copy: μ ʿմϴ
\copy: : "%s"
\copy:
\copy: (%d)
\df %d.%d "w" ɼ
\df [antwS+] ɼ
\pset: Ǵ : unaligned, aligned, wrapped, html, latex, troff-ms
\pset: ɼ: %s
Ʈ б з two-phase Ŀ غǾ Ʈ ϱ ڿ ؼ ҵ ӽ θ : %s ͺ̽ ͺ̽ ǽð ȯ ٲٱ ̸̳ ɹ ٲٱ ڵ ȯĢ(conversion) ٲٱ ٲٱ ܺ ٲٱ ܺ ٲٱ Լ ٲٱ procedural language ٲٱ Ű ̸ ٲٱ ٲٱ ̺ ٲٱ ̺̽ ٲٱ ؽƮ ˻ ٲٱ ؽƮ ˻ ٲٱ ؽƮ ˻ ļ ٲٱ ؽƮ ˻ ø ٲٱ Ʈ ٲٱ ڷ ٲٱ ٲٱ ٲٱ Լ ٲٱ ε ٲٱ ٲٱ Ŭ ٲٱ η ٲٱ ͺ̽ ѷ ο ͺ̽ ü ٲٱ μ %d ڵ μ (%d) Ǿ 0x%X ó μ Ǿ μ %d ȣ ް Ǿ %s ñ׳ μ Ǿ Ŀ ݱ ε ̺ ڷḦ ٽ ͺ̽ two-phase Ŀ غ Ʈ Ŀϼ. Ʈ commit compute a set of rows κ ϴ.
ϴ : ̺ ڷḦ "%s" ̵ "%s" ã ̸ ã : %s
Ȩ ã : %s
ã : %s "%s" ӽ : %s
"%s" ̳ʸ Է : %s
"%s" ǹ ũ history "%s" Ϸ : %s
/bin/sh
"%s" ⸦ ų
COPY ڷḦ : %s
ͺ̽ ̺ ڷ ڷ غ (prepared statement) ⺻ %s Ŀ ռ ȯ Ʈ ڷ ͺ̽ ڵ庯ȯĢ(conversion) ܺ ܺ Լ ε ڿ ܺ Ŭ η ν־ (rule) Ʈǿ ο savepoint Ű(schema) ̺ ̺ ̺̽ ؽƮ ˻ ؽƮ ˻ ؽƮ ˻ ļ ؽƮ ˻ ø Ʈ view ϱ ش ü ڸƮ ϰų ̺ ڷ ǵ savepoint ı ϳ Ǵ ̺ ڷ غ (prepared statement) ̺: "%s.%s" Ʈ α checkpoint Լ ڷ ۾ - Ⱚ û Ư 丮 ġ
Ұ in assignment ε ߸ ̳ʸ : "%s" ߸ : \%s
߸ ( ): %d Ư ̺귯 ε ̺ ƴϿ ۰
Ϲ Null ƴ
Ŀ ġ ű غ (prepared statement) two-phase Ŀ Ʈ غ ⺻Ű, psql PostgreSQL ȭ ̳Դϴ.
ε ٽ ȯ ڵ ȯĢ(conversion) ڷ ͺ̽ ͺ̽ ܺ ܺ Լ ν־ (rule) Ű(schema) ̺ ̺̽ ؽƮ ˻ ؽƮ ˻ ؽƮ ˻ ļ ؽƮ ˻ ø Ʈ ܺ (view) ϱ Լ ε Ŭ η ͺ̽ ѷ ο ͺ̽ ü ϼ ǽð ȯ ʱⰪ ٽ ش Ŀ ڷ ̱ ̺̳ ڷḦ savepoint ıϱ (rule) Ʈǿ ˻ Ʈ ĺڸ - ȹ ǽð ȯ Ư Ʈ Ư ̺ Ʈ 带 ϴ , ̺ ڷ (view) ֹ â
y~or5J ={Eeu磝Qk ᯘG{?+]ן?wM3X^歌>{7پK>on\jy R g/=fOroNVv~Y+ NGuÝHWyw[eQʨSb> >}Gmx[o[<{Ϯ_qF vM IENDB`
