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<title>Apache ã®ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•° - Apache HTTP サームãƒãƒ¼ã‚¸ãƒ§ãƒ³ 2.4</title>
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">モジュール</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">ディレクティブ</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">用語</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">サイトマップ</a></p>
<p class="apache">Apache HTTP サームãƒãƒ¼ã‚¸ãƒ§ãƒ³ 2.4</p>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP サーãƒ</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">ドã‚ュメンテーション</a> > <a href="./">ãƒãƒ¼ã‚¸ãƒ§ãƒ³ 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache ã®ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°</h1>
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<div class="outofdate">ã“ã®æ—¥æœ¬èªžè¨³ã¯ã™ã§ã«å¤ããªã£ã¦ã„ã‚‹
å¯èƒ½æ€§ãŒã‚ã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚
最近更新ã•ã‚ŒãŸå†…容を見るã«ã¯è‹±èªžç‰ˆã‚’ã”覧下ã•ã„。
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<p>Apache HTTP サーãƒã¯<em>環境変数</em>ã¨å‘¼ã°ã‚Œã‚‹ã€åå‰ã®ã¤ã„ãŸ
変数ã«æƒ…å ±ã‚’è¨˜æ†¶ã™ã‚‹ä»•çµ„ã¿ã‚’æä¾›ã—ã¦ã„ã¾ã™ã€‚ã“ã®æƒ…å ±ã¯ãƒã‚°åŽé›†ã‚„
アクセス制御ãªã©ã®ã„ã‚ã„ã‚ãªæ“作を制御ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ä½¿ã†ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“れらã®å¤‰æ•°ã¯ CGI スクリプトãªã©ã®å¤–部プãƒã‚°ãƒ©ãƒ ã¨é€šä¿¡ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ã‚‚
使ã‚ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚ã“ã®æ–‡æ›¸ã¯ãれらã®å¤‰æ•°ã®æ“作方法ã¨ä½¿ç”¨æ–¹æ³•ã‚’ã„ãã¤ã‹
紹介ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<p>ã“れらã®å¤‰æ•°ã¯<em>環境変数</em>ã¨å‘¼ã°ã‚Œã¦ã„ã¾ã™ãŒã€ã‚ªãƒšãƒ¬ãƒ¼ãƒ†ã‚£ãƒ³ã‚°
システムã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦åˆ¶å¾¡ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„る環境変数ã¨åŒã˜ã§ã¯ã‚ã‚Šã¾ã›ã‚“。
実際ã¯ã€ã“れらã®å¤‰æ•°ã¯ Apache ã®å†…éƒ¨æ§‹é€ ã®ä¸ã«è¨˜æ†¶ã•ã‚Œã€æ“作ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã¾ã™ã€‚
ãれらã¯ã€CGI ã‚„ SSI スクリプトã«æ¸¡ã•ã‚ŒãŸã¨ãã ã‘ã€å®Ÿéš›ã®
オペレーティングシステムã®ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã«ãªã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚サーãƒè‡ªèº«ãŒ
実行ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„るオペレーティングシステムã®ç’°å¢ƒã‚’æ“作ã—ãŸã„å ´åˆã¯ã€
オペレーティングシステムã®ã‚·ã‚§ãƒ«ãŒæä¾›ã—ã¦ã„る標準ã®ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã®
æ“作方法を使ã‚ãªã‘ã‚Œã°ãªã‚Šã¾ã›ã‚“。</p>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#setting">環境変数ã®è¨å®š</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#using">環境変数ã®ä½¿ç”¨</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#special">特別ãªç›®çš„ã®ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">例</a></li>
</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">コメント</a></li></ul></div>
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<h2><a name="setting" id="setting">環境変数ã®è¨å®š</a></h2>
<table class="related"><tr><th>関連モジュール</th><th>関連ディレクティブ</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html">mod_env</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatchnocase">BrowserMatchNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvifnocase">SetEnvIfNoCase</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#unsetenv">UnsetEnv</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
<h3><a name="basic-manipulation" id="basic-manipulation">基本的ãªç’°å¢ƒã®æ“作</a></h3>
<p>Apache ã«ãŠã„ã¦ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã‚’è¨å®šã™ã‚‹ä¸€ç•ªåŸºæœ¬çš„ãªæ–¹æ³•ã¯ã€
ç„¡æ¡ä»¶ã«ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã‚’è¨å®šã™ã‚‹ <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> ディレクティブを使用ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã™ã€‚
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code>
ディレクティブã«ã‚ˆã‚Šã€Apache ãŒèµ·å‹•ã•ã‚ŒãŸã‚·ã‚§ãƒ«ã®
環境変数を渡ã™ã“ã¨ã‚‚ã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="conditional" id="conditional">リクエスト毎ã«æ¡ä»¶ã«åŸºã¥ã„ã¦è¨å®šã™ã‚‹</a></h3>
<p>より柔軟性を高ã‚ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ã€mod_setenvif
ã§æä¾›ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„るディレクティブを使用ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã®
特性ã«åŸºã¥ã„ã¦ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã‚’è¨å®šã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚例ãˆã°ã€ç‰¹å®šã®ãƒ–ラウザ
(User-Agent) ã®ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã‚„特定㮠Referer [æ„図的ãªç¶´ã‚Šã§ã™]
<span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> æ£ã—ã„綴り㯠referrer ã§ã™ãŒã€HTTP ã®ä»•æ§˜ã§ã¯ Referer
ã¨ãªã£ã¦ã„ã¾ã™)</span>ヘッダãŒè¦‹ã¤ã‹ã£ãŸã¨ãã®ã¿å¤‰æ•°ã‚’è¨å®šã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚
mod_rewrite ã® <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code>
ディレクティブã«ãŠã„ã¦ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã‚’è¨å®šã™ã‚‹ <code>[E=...]</code>
オプションを使用ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€
より柔軟ãªè¨å®šã‚’è¡Œãªã†ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="unique-identifiers" id="unique-identifiers">一æ„ãªè˜åˆ¥å</a></h3>
<p>mod_unique_id ã¯ã€éžå¸¸ã«é™ã‚‰ã‚ŒãŸæ¡ä»¶ã®ä¸‹ã§
「ã™ã¹ã¦ã€ã®ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã«ã¤ã„ã¦ã€ä¸€æ„ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒä¿è¨¼ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„る値を環境変数
<code>UNIQUE_ID</code> ã«è¨å®šã—ã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="standard-cgi" id="standard-cgi">標準 CGI 変数</a></h3>
<p>Apache ã®è¨å®šãƒ•ã‚¡ã‚¤ãƒ«ã§è¨å®šã•ã‚ŒãŸç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã¨ã‚·ã‚§ãƒ«ã‹ã‚‰æ¸¡ã•ã‚Œã‚‹
環境変数ã«åŠ ãˆã¦ã€CGI スクリプト㨠SSI ページã«ã¯ <a href="http://cgi-spec.golux.com">CGI ã®ä»•æ§˜</a>ã§è¦æ±‚ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹ã€
リクエストã®ãƒ¡ã‚¿æƒ…å ±ã‚’æŒã£ãŸç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã®çµ„ãŒæä¾›ã•ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="caveats" id="caveats">ã„ãã¤ã‹ã®æ³¨æ„</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>環境をæ“作ã™ã‚‹ãƒ‡ã‚£ãƒ¬ã‚¯ãƒ†ã‚£ãƒ–を使ã£ã¦æ¨™æº– CGI
変数を上書ãã—ãŸã‚Šå¤‰æ›´ã—ãŸã‚Šã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯ã§ãã¾ã›ã‚“。</li>
<li>CGI スクリプトを起動ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã« <code class="program"><a href="./programs/suexec.html">suexec</a></code>
ãŒä½¿ç”¨ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹å ´åˆã€CGI スクリプトãŒèµ·å‹•ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ã€ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã¯<em>安全</em>ãªç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã®çµ„ã«æ•´ç†ã•ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“ã®å®‰å…¨ãªç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã®é›†åˆã¯ã€ã‚³ãƒ³ãƒ‘イル時㫠<code>suexec.c</code>
ã§å®šç¾©ã•ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚</li>
<li>移æ¤æ€§ã®ãŸã‚ã«ã€ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã®åå‰ã¯ã‚¢ãƒ«ãƒ•ã‚¡ãƒ™ãƒƒãƒˆã€
æ•°å—ã¨ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒ€ãƒ¼ã‚¹ã‚³ã‚¢ <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> '_')</span> ã ã‘ã‹ã‚‰æˆã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚
ã•ã‚‰ã«ã€æœ€åˆã®æ–‡å—ã¯æ•°å—ã§ã‚ã£ã¦ã¯ã„ã‘ã¾ã›ã‚“。
ã“ã®åˆ¶é™ã«åˆã‚ãªã„æ–‡å—㯠CGI スクリプト㨠SSI
ページã«æ¸¡ã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã¨ãã«ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒ€ãƒ¼ã‚¹ã‚³ã‚¢ã«ç½®æ›ã•ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚</li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> ã¯ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆå‡¦ç†ã®
段階ã®ä¸ã§ã‚‚é…ãã«å®Ÿè¡Œã•ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚ã¤ã¾ã‚Š
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> ã‚„
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code>
ãªã©ã‹ã‚‰ã¯ã€å¤‰æ•°ãŒãã“ã§è¨å®šã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã‚ã‹ã‚Šã¾ã›ã‚“。</li>
</ul>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="using" id="using">環境変数ã®ä½¿ç”¨</a></h2>
<table class="related"><tr><th>関連モジュール</th><th>関連ディレクティブ</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html#allow">Allow</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html#deny">Deny</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
<h3><a name="cgi-scripts" id="cgi-scripts">CGI スクリプト</a></h3>
<p>環境変数ã®ä¸»ãªåˆ©ç”¨æ³•ã®ä¸€ã¤ã¯ã€CGI スクリプトã«æƒ…å ±ã‚’ä¼ãˆã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã™ã€‚
上ã§èª¬æ˜Žã•ã‚Œã¦ã„るよã†ã«ã€CGI スクリプトã«æ¸¡ã•ã‚Œã‚‹ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã¯ Apache
ã®è¨å®šã«ã‚ˆã‚Šè¨å®šã•ã‚Œã‚‹å¤‰æ•°ã«åŠ ãˆã¦ã€ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã®æ¨™æº–ã®ãƒ¡ã‚¿æƒ…å ±ã‚’å«ã‚“ã§ã„ã¾ã™ã€‚
詳細㯠<a href="howto/cgi.html">CGI ãƒãƒ¥ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒªã‚¢ãƒ«</a>
ã‚’å‚ç…§ã—ã¦ãã ã•ã„。</p>
<h3><a name="ssi-pages" id="ssi-pages">SSI ページ</a></h3>
<p>mod_include ã® <code>INCLUDES</code> フィルタã§å‡¦ç†ã•ã‚Œã‚‹
server-parsed (SSI) ドã‚ュメントã§ã¯ã€<code>echo</code>
è¦ç´ を使用ã™ã‚‹ã¨ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ãŒå‡ºåŠ›ã•ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚
ã¾ãŸã€ãƒšãƒ¼ã‚¸ã®ã‚る部分ãŒãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã®æ€§è³ªã«å¿œã˜ã¦å¤‰æ›´ã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ã«ã€
環境変数をフãƒãƒ¼åˆ¶å¾¡è¦ç´ ã§ä½¿ã†ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚詳細ã¯
<a href="howto/ssi.html">SSI ãƒãƒ¥ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒªã‚¢ãƒ«</a> ã‚’å‚ç…§ã—ã¦ãã ã•ã„。</p>
<h3><a name="access-control" id="access-control">アクセス制御</a></h3>
<p><code>allow from env=</code> ディレクティブ㨠<code>deny from env=</code>
ディレクティブを使用ã—ã¦ã€ã‚µãƒ¼ãƒã¸ã®ã‚¢ã‚¯ã‚»ã‚¹ã‚’環境変数ã®å€¤ã§åˆ¶å¾¡ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code>
ディレクティブã¨çµ„ã¿åˆã‚ã›ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã®ç‰¹æ€§ã«åŸºã¥ã„ã¦
サーãƒã¸ã®ã‚¢ã‚¯ã‚»ã‚¹åˆ¶å¾¡ã‚’柔軟ã«è¡Œãªã†ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãるよã†ã«ãªã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚
ãŸã¨ãˆã°ã€ã“れらã®ãƒ‡ã‚£ãƒ¬ã‚¯ãƒ†ã‚£ãƒ–を使用ã—ã¦ã€ç‰¹å®šã®ãƒ–ラウザ (User-Agent)
ã‹ã‚‰ã®ã‚¢ã‚¯ã‚»ã‚¹ã‚’æ‹’å¦ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="logging" id="logging">æ¡ä»¶ä»˜ããƒã‚°è¨˜éŒ²</a></h3>
<p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code>
ディレクティブã®ã‚ªãƒ—ション <code>%e</code>
を使用ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã‚’アクセスãƒã‚°ã«è¨˜éŒ²ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚ã•ã‚‰ã«ã€
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code>
ディレクティブã®æ¡ä»¶åˆ†å²å¼ã‚’使用ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€
環境変数ã®å€¤ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã‚’ãƒã‚°ã«è¨˜éŒ²ã™ã‚‹ã‹ã©ã†ã‹ã‚’決ã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code>
ディレクティブã¨çµ„ã¿åˆã‚ã›ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€
ã©ã®ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã‚’ãƒã‚°ã«è¨˜éŒ²ã™ã‚‹ã‹ã‚’柔軟ã«åˆ¶å¾¡ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¯èƒ½ã«ãªã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚ãŸã¨ãˆã°ã€
<code>gif</code> ã§çµ‚ã‚るファイルåã¸ã®ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã¯ãƒã‚°ã«è¨˜éŒ²ã—ãªã„ã€
é•ã†ã‚µãƒ–ãƒãƒƒãƒˆã®ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã‹ã‚‰ã®ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã ã‘ã‚’ãƒã‚°ã«è¨˜éŒ²ã™ã‚‹ã€
ã¨ã„ã†é¸æŠžãŒå¯èƒ½ã§ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="response-headers" id="response-headers">æ¡ä»¶ä»˜ãå¿œç”ヘッダ</a></h3>
<p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code>
ディレクティブã¯ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã®å˜åœ¨ã‚„ä¸åœ¨ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã¸ã®å¿œç”ã«ç‰¹å®šã®
HTTP ヘッダを付ã‘ã‚‹ã‹ã©ã†ã‹ã‚’決ã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“ã‚Œã«ã‚ˆã‚Šã€ãŸã¨ãˆã°ã€ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã‹ã‚‰ã®ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆ
ã«ã‚るヘッダãŒã‚ã‚‹å ´åˆã«ã®ã¿ç‰¹å®šã®å¿œç”ヘッダをé€ã‚‹ã€ã¨ã„ã†ã‚ˆã†ãªã“ã¨ãŒ
ã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="external-filter" id="external-filter">外部フィルタã®é©ç”¨</a></h3>
<p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html#extfilterdefine">ExtFilterDefine</a></code>
ディレクティブを使用ã—ã¦
<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ext_filter.html">mod_ext_filter</a></code> ã§è¨å®šã•ã‚Œã‚‹å¤–部フィルタã¯ã€
<code>disableenv=</code> 㨠<code>enableenv=</code>
オプションを使ã£ã¦ã€ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã«ã‚ˆã‚‹æ¡ä»¶ä»˜ãé©ç”¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="url-rewriting" id="url-rewriting">URL ã®æ›¸ãæ›ãˆ</a></h3>
<p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code>
ディレクティブã§<em>評価文å—列</em>ã¨ã—ã¦
<code>%{ENV:...}</code> å¼ã‚’指定ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€mod_rewrite
ã®æ›¸ãæ›ãˆã‚¨ãƒ³ã‚¸ãƒ³ãŒç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã«åŸºã„ã¦æ¡ä»¶åˆ†å²ã‚’è¡Œãªã†ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚
mod_rewrite ãŒä½¿ç”¨å¯èƒ½ãªå¤‰æ•°ã§ <code>ENV:</code> ãŒå‰ã«ã¤ã„ã¦ã„ãªã„変数ã¯ã€
実際ã¯ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã§ã¯ãªã„ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã«æ³¨æ„ã—ã¦ãã ã•ã„。
ãれらã¯ä»–ã®ãƒ¢ã‚¸ãƒ¥ãƒ¼ãƒ«ã‹ã‚‰ã¯ä½¿ç”¨ã§ããªã„ mod_rewrite 用ã®ç‰¹åˆ¥ãªå¤‰æ•°ã§ã™ã€‚
</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="special" id="special">特別ãªç›®çš„ã®ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°</a></h2>
<p>互æ›æ€§ã®å•é¡Œã‚’解決ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ã€ç‰¹å®šã®ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã¨é€šä¿¡ã—ã¦ã„ã‚‹ã¨ãã¯
Apache ã®å‹•ä½œã‚’変更ã§ãる機構ãŒå°Žå…¥ã•ã‚Œã¾ã—ãŸã€‚ã§ãã‚‹ã ã‘柔軟ã«ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ã€
ã“れらã®æ©Ÿæ§‹ã¯ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã‚’定義ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§å‘¼ã³å‡ºã•ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚普通ã¯ã€
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#browsermatch">BrowserMatch</a></code>
ディレクティブを使ã„ã¾ã™ãŒã€ãŸã¨ãˆã° <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code> ディレクティブや <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#passenv">PassEnv</a></code> ディレクティブも使用ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="downgrade" id="downgrade">downgrade-1.0</a></h3>
<p>ã“れを指定ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆãŒ HTTP/1.0
より新ã—ã„プãƒãƒˆã‚³ãƒ«ã®å ´åˆã§ã‚‚ã€HTTP/1.0 ã¨ã—ã¦æ‰±ã‚ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="force-gzip" id="force-gzip">force-gzip</a></h3>
<p><code>DEFLATE</code> フィルタãŒä½¿ç”¨ã™ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ã«è¨å®šã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹ã¨ãã«ã€
ã“ã®ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã¯ãƒ–ラウザ㮠accept-encoding ã®è¨å®šã‚’無視ã—ã¦å¸¸ã«
圧縮ã•ã‚ŒãŸå‡ºåŠ›ã‚’é€ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ã«ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="force-no-vary" id="force-no-vary">force-no-vary</a></h3>
<p>å¿œç”ヘッダãŒã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã«é€ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹å‰ã« <code>Vary</code>
フィールドをå–り除ãã¾ã™ã€‚
クライアントã®ä¸ã«ã¯ã“ã®ãƒ•ã‚£ãƒ¼ãƒ«ãƒ‰ã‚’æ£ã—ã解釈ã—ãªã„ã‚‚ã®ãŒã‚ã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“ã®å¤‰æ•°ã‚’è¨å®šã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ãã®å•é¡Œã‚’回é¿ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“ã®å¤‰æ•°ã‚’è¨å®šã™ã‚‹ã¨ã€<strong>force-response-1.0</strong>
ãŒè¨å®šã•ã‚ŒãŸã“ã¨ã«ãªã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="force-response" id="force-response">force-response-1.0</a></h3>
<p>ã“ã‚ŒãŒè¨å®šã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹ã¨ã€HTTP/1.0 リクエストを発行ã™ã‚‹ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã«å¯¾ã—ã¦ã¯
常㫠HTTP/1.0 ã§å¿œç”ã™ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ã«ãªã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚ã“ã®æ©Ÿèƒ½ã¯ã€
元々㯠AOL ã®ãƒ—ãƒã‚ã‚·ã®å•é¡Œã®ãŸã‚ã«å®Ÿè£…ã•ã‚Œã¾ã—ãŸã€‚HTTP/1.0 クライアントã®ä¸ã«ã¯ã€
HTTP/1.1 ã®å¿œç”ã‚’è¿”ã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã¨æ£ã—ã動作ã—ãªã„ã‚‚ã®ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‚ã—ã‚Œã¾ã›ã‚“。
ã“ã®æ©Ÿèƒ½ã‚’使用ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€ãã®ã‚ˆã†ãªã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã¨ã®é–“ã®äº’æ›æ€§å•é¡Œã‚’解決ã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="gzip-only-text-html" id="gzip-only-text-html">gzip-only-text/html</a></h3>
<p>ã“れ㌠1 ã«è¨å®šã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã¨ã€ã“ã®å¤‰æ•°ã¯ <code>text/html</code>
以外ã®ã‚³ãƒ³ãƒ†ãƒ³ãƒˆã‚¿ã‚¤ãƒ—ã«å¯¾ã™ã‚‹ã€<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code>
æ供㮠<code>DEFLATE</code> 出力フィルタを無効ã«ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚
ã¾ãŸã€é™çš„ã«ã€æ—¢ã«åœ§ç¸®ã•ã‚ŒãŸãƒ•ã‚¡ã‚¤ãƒ«ã‚’使用ã—ãŸã„å ´åˆã€
(gzip ã ã‘ã§ãªãã€"identity" ã¨ç•°ãªã‚‹å…¨ã¦ã®ã‚¨ãƒ³ã‚³ãƒ¼ãƒ‰ã«å¯¾ã—ã¦)
<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> も変数を評価ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="no-gzip" id="no-gzip">no-gzip</a></h3>
<p>セットã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã¨ã€<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_deflate.html">mod_deflate</a></code> ã®
<code>DEFLATE</code> フィルタãŒã‚ªãƒ•ã«ãªã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚
ãã—㦠<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code>
ã¯ã‚¨ãƒ³ã‚³ãƒ¼ãƒ‰ã•ã‚ŒãŸãƒªã‚½ãƒ¼ã‚¹ã‚’é€ã‚‰ãªã„よã†ã«ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="nokeepalive" id="nokeepalive">nokeepalive</a></h3>
<p>ã“ã‚ŒãŒè¨å®šã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹å ´åˆã¯ã€<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#keepalive">KeepAlive</a></code> を使用ã—ãªã„よã†ã«ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h4><a name="prefer-language" id="prefer-language">prefer-language</a></h4>
<p><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code> ã®æŒ™å‹•ã«å½±éŸ¿ã‚’与ãˆã¾ã™ã€‚
(<code>en</code>, <code>ja</code>, <code>x-klingon</code>ã¨ã„ã£ãŸ)
言語タグãŒæ ¼ç´ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚Œã°ã€ãã®è¨€èªžã® variant ã‚’é€ä¿¡ã—よã†ã¨ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚
ãã®ã‚ˆã†ãª variant ãŒãªã„å ´åˆã¯ã€
通常ã®<a href="content-negotiation.html">ãƒã‚´ã‚·ã‚¨ãƒ¼ã‚·ãƒ§ãƒ³</a>処ç†ãŒ
é©ç”¨ã•ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="redirect-carefully" id="redirect-carefully">redirect-carefully</a></h3>
<p>ã“ã‚Œã¯ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã¸ã®ãƒªãƒ€ã‚¤ãƒ¬ã‚¯ãƒˆã®é€ä¿¡ã‚’サーãƒãŒã‚ˆã‚Šæ³¨æ„æ·±ã
è¡Œãªã†ã‚ˆã†ã«ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“ã‚Œã¯é€šå¸¸ã€ãƒªãƒ€ã‚¤ãƒ¬ã‚¯ãƒˆã«éš›ã—ã¦ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã«
å•é¡ŒãŒã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒåˆ†ã‹ã£ã¦ã„ã‚‹å ´åˆã«ä½¿ã‚ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚ã“ã®æ©Ÿèƒ½ã¯å…ƒã€…ã¯
マイクãƒã‚½ãƒ•ãƒˆã®ã‚¦ã‚§ãƒ–フォルダã®ã‚½ãƒ•ãƒˆãŒ DAV
メソッドã«ã‚ˆã‚‹ãƒ‡ã‚£ãƒ¬ã‚¯ãƒˆãƒªã®ãƒªã‚½ãƒ¼ã‚¹ã¸ã®ãƒªãƒ€ã‚¤ãƒ¬ã‚¯ãƒˆã®æ‰±ã„ã«
å•é¡ŒãŒã‚Šã€ãれを回é¿ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«å®Ÿè£…ã•ã‚Œã¾ã—ãŸã€‚</p>
<h3><a name="suppress-error-charset" id="suppress-error-charset">suppress-error-charset</a></h3>
<p><em>Apache 2.2 以é™ã§åˆ©ç”¨å¯èƒ½</em></p>
<p>クライアントã®ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã«å¯¾ã™ã‚‹å¿œç”ã¨ã—ã¦ãƒªãƒ€ã‚¤ãƒ¬ã‚¯ãƒˆã‚’é€ä¿¡ã™ã‚‹éš›ã€
レスãƒãƒ³ã‚¹ã«ã¯ãƒªãƒ€ã‚¤ãƒ¬ã‚¯ãƒˆãŒè‡ªå‹•çš„ã«è¡Œãªãˆãªã„ (è¡Œãªã‚ã‚Œãªã„)
å ´åˆã«è¡¨ç¤ºã™ã‚‹ãƒ†ã‚ストãŒå«ã¾ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚
通常ã€ã“ã®ãƒ†ã‚ストã«åˆè‡´ã—ãŸã‚ャラクタセットã€ISO-8859-1
ã§ãƒ©ãƒ™ãƒ«ä»˜ã‘ã‚’ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<p>ã—ã‹ã—ã€ãƒªãƒ€ã‚¤ãƒ¬ã‚¯ãƒˆå…ˆãŒåˆ¥ã®æ–‡å—セットを使ã£ã¦ã„ã‚‹å ´åˆã€
ã‚ã‚‹å•é¡Œã®ã‚るブラウザã®ãƒãƒ¼ã‚¸ãƒ§ãƒ³ã§ã¯ã€
リダイレクト先ã®å®Ÿéš›ã®æ–‡å—セットã®ä»£ã‚ã‚Šã«ã€
リダイレクト元ã®æ–‡å—セットを使ã£ã¦ã—ã¾ã†ã“ã¨ãŒã‚ã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚
ãã®çµæžœã€ä¾‹ãˆã°å¤‰ãªæç”»ãŒè¡Œãªã‚ã‚ŒãŸã‚Šã—ã¦ã€èªã‚ãªããªã£ãŸã‚Šã—ã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<p>ã“ã®ç’°å¢ƒå¤‰æ•°ã‚’è¨å®šã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€ãƒªãƒ€ã‚¤ãƒ¬ã‚¯ã‚·ãƒ§ãƒ³ãƒ†ã‚ストã«å¯¾ã™ã‚‹
ã‚ャラクタセットã®æŒ‡å®šã‚’除去ã—ã¾ã™ã®ã§ã€ãれらå•é¡Œã®ã‚るブラウザã§ã‚‚
リダイレクト先ã®æ–‡å—セットをæ£ã—ã使ã†ã‚ˆã†ã«ã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<div class="warning">
<h3>ã‚»ã‚ュリティ</h3>
<p>æ–‡å—セットを指定ã›ãšã«ã‚¨ãƒ©ãƒ¼ãƒšãƒ¼ã‚¸ã‚’é€ä¿¡ã™ã‚‹ã¨ã€
クãƒã‚¹ã‚µã‚¤ãƒˆã‚¹ã‚¯ãƒªãƒ—ティング <span class="transnote">(<em>訳注:</em> XSS)</span>
攻撃ã®å±é™ºæ€§ãŒã§ã¦ãã¾ã™ã€‚
HTTP/1.1 仕様ã«æº–æ‹ ã—ã¦ã„ãªãã¦ã€ã‚³ãƒ³ãƒ†ãƒ³ãƒ„ã®ä¸èº«ã‹ã‚‰æ–‡å—セットを
"推測" ã—よã†ã¨ã™ã‚‹ãƒ–ラウザ (MSIE) ãŒå®Ÿéš›ã«ã‚ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‰ã§ã™ã€‚
ãã®ã‚ˆã†ãªãƒ–ラウザ㯠UTF-7 æ–‡å—セットを使ã£ã¦ç°¡å˜ã«é¨™ã™ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚
クãƒã‚¹ã‚µã‚¤ãƒˆã‚¹ã‚¯ãƒªãƒ—ティング攻撃を防ããŸã‚ã«å®Ÿè£…ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹
通常ã®ã‚¨ã‚¹ã‚±ãƒ¼ãƒ—機構ãŒã€å…¥åŠ›ãƒ‡ãƒ¼ã‚¿ä¸ã«ã‚ã‚‹ UTF-7 ã§
エンコードã•ã‚ŒãŸã‚³ãƒ³ãƒ†ãƒ³ãƒ„ (リクエスト URI ãªã©) ã«ã¯
ã†ã¾ã動作ã—ãªã„ã‹ã‚‰ã§ã™ã€‚</p>
</div>
<h3><a name="proxy" id="proxy">force-proxy-request-1.0, proxy-nokeepalive, proxy-sendchunked, proxy-sendcl</a></h3>
<p>ã“れらã®æŒ‡ç¤ºå㯠<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> ã®æŒ™å‹•ã‚’変更ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚
詳細㯠<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> ã®ãƒ‰ã‚ュメントをã”å‚ç…§ãã ã•ã„。</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">例</a></h2>
<h3><a name="misbehaving" id="misbehaving">ãŠã‹ã—ãªæŒ™å‹•ã‚’ã™ã‚‹ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã«å¯¾ã—ã¦ãƒ—ãƒãƒˆã‚³ãƒ«ã®å‹•ä½œã‚’変更ã™ã‚‹</a></h3>
<p>クライアントã«é–¢ã™ã‚‹æ—¢çŸ¥ã®å•é¡Œã«å¯¾å‡¦ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ã€ä»¥ä¸‹ã®è¡Œã‚’
httpd.conf ã«å…¥ã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚’推奨ã—ã¦ã„ã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<p>å¤ã„ãƒãƒ¼ã‚¸ãƒ§ãƒ³ã® Apache ã§ã¯ã€ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã®å•é¡Œã«å¯¾å¿œã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«
httpd.conf ã«æ¬¡ã®è¡Œã‚’åŠ ãˆã‚‹ã‚ˆã†æŽ¨å¥¨ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã¾ã—ãŸãŒã€
今ã¨ãªã£ã¦ã¯ã€å•é¡Œã¨ã—ã¦ã„ãŸã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒˆã¯å®Ÿéš›ã«ã¯è¦‹ã‹ã‘ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯
ãªããªã£ã¦ããŸã®ã§ã€ã“ã®è¨å®šã¯ã‚‚ã¯ã‚„å¿…è¦ãªã„ã‹ã‚‚ã—ã‚Œã¾ã›ã‚“。</p>
<div class="example"><pre>#
# The following directives modify normal HTTP response behavior.
# The first directive disables keepalive for Netscape 2.x and browsers that
# spoof it. There are known problems with these browser implementations.
# The second directive is for Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0b2
# which has a broken HTTP/1.1 implementation and does not properly
# support keepalive when it is used on 301 or 302 (redirect) responses.
#
BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive
BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
#
# The following directive disables HTTP/1.1 responses to browsers which
# are in violation of the HTTP/1.0 spec by not being able to grok a
# basic 1.1 response.
#
BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0
BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0
BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0</pre></div>
<h3><a name="no-img-log" id="no-img-log">ç”»åƒã¸ã®ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã‚’アクセスãƒã‚°ã«è¨˜éŒ²ã—ãªã„</a></h3>
<p>ã“ã®ä¾‹ã§ã¯ã€ç”»åƒã¸ã®ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆãŒã‚¢ã‚¯ã‚»ã‚¹ãƒã‚°ã«ç¾ã‚Œãªã„よã†ã«ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“れを変更ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã§ã€ç‰¹å®šã®ãƒ‡ã‚£ãƒ¬ã‚¯ãƒˆãƒªã®ãƒã‚°åŽé›†ã‚’ã‚„ã‚ãŸã‚Šã€
特定ã®ãƒ›ã‚¹ãƒˆã‹ã‚‰ã®ãƒªã‚¯ã‚¨ã‚¹ãƒˆã®ãƒã‚°åŽé›†ã‚’ã‚„ã‚ãŸã‚Šã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒç°¡å˜ã«ã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚
</p>
<div class="example"><pre>SetEnvIf Request_URI \.gif image-request
SetEnvIf Request_URI \.jpg image-request
SetEnvIf Request_URI \.png image-request
CustomLog logs/access_log common env=!image-request</pre></div>
<h3><a name="image-theft" id="image-theft">「画åƒã®ç›—用ã€ã‚’防ã</a></h3>
<p>ã“ã®ä¾‹ã¯ã€åˆ¥ã®ã‚µãƒ¼ãƒã«ã„る人ãŒã€ã‚ãªãŸã®ã‚µãƒ¼ãƒã«ã‚ã‚‹ç”»åƒã‚’
inline ç”»åƒã¨ã—ã¦ä½¿ç”¨ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚’防ãŽã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“ã‚Œã¯æŽ¨å¥¨ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹è¨å®šã§ã¯ã‚ã‚Šã¾ã›ã‚“ãŒã€ã‚ã‚‹é™å®šã•ã‚ŒãŸçŠ¶æ³ã§ã¯æœ‰åŠ¹ã§ã™ã€‚
ã“ã“ã§ã¯ã€ã™ã¹ã¦ã®ç”»åƒã¯ <code>/web/images</code>
ã¨ã„ã†ãƒ‡ã‚£ãƒ¬ã‚¯ãƒˆãƒªã«ã‚ã‚‹ã¨ä»®å®šã—ã¾ã™ã€‚</p>
<div class="example"><pre>SetEnvIf Referer "^http://www\.example\.com/" local_referal
# Allow browsers that do not send Referer info
SetEnvIf Referer "^$" local_referal
<Directory /web/images>
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from env=local_referal
</Directory></pre></div>
<p>ã“ã®æ‰‹æ³•ã«é–¢ã™ã‚‹è©³ã—ã„æƒ…å ±ã¯ ServerWatch ã«ã‚ã‚‹ãƒãƒ¥ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒªã‚¢ãƒ«
「<a href="http://www.serverwatch.com/tutorials/article.php/1132731">Keeping Your Images from Adorning Other Sites</a>
ã€ã‚’å‚ç…§ã—ã¦ãã ã•ã„。</p>
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