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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ 3"
.TH ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ 3 "2013-04-19" "perl v5.16.3" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ \- Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
FAQs, tricks and tips for \f(CW\*(C`ExtUtils::MakeMaker\*(C'\fR.
.SS "Module Installation"
.IX Subsection "Module Installation"
.IP "How do I install a module into my home directory?" 4
.IX Item "How do I install a module into my home directory?"
If you're not the Perl administrator you probably don't have
permission to install a module to its default location. Then you
should install it for your own use into your home directory like so:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& # Non\-unix folks, replace ~ with /path/to/your/home/dir
\& perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=~
.Ve
.Sp
This will put modules into \fI~/lib/perl5\fR, man pages into \fI~/man\fR and
programs into \fI~/bin\fR.
.Sp
To ensure your Perl programs can see these newly installed modules,
set your \f(CW\*(C`PERL5LIB\*(C'\fR environment variable to \fI~/lib/perl5\fR or tell
each of your programs to look in that directory with the following:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& use lib "$ENV{HOME}/lib/perl5";
.Ve
.Sp
or if \f(CW$ENV\fR{\s-1HOME\s0} isn't set and you don't want to set it for some
reason, do it the long way.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& use lib "/path/to/your/home/dir/lib/perl5";
.Ve
.IP "How do I get MakeMaker and Module::Build to install to the same place?" 4
.IX Item "How do I get MakeMaker and Module::Build to install to the same place?"
Module::Build, as of 0.28, supports two ways to install to the same
location as MakeMaker.
.Sp
We highly recommend the install_base method, its the simplest and most
closely approximates the expected behavior of an installation prefix.
.Sp
1) Use \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 / \f(CW\*(C`\-\-install_base\*(C'\fR
.Sp
MakeMaker (as of 6.31) and Module::Build (as of 0.28) both can install
to the same locations using the \*(L"install_base\*(R" concept. See
\&\*(L"\s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0\*(R" in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for details. To get \s-1MM\s0 and \s-1MB\s0 to
install to the same location simply set \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 in \s-1MM\s0 and
\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-install_base\*(C'\fR in \s-1MB\s0 to the same location.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=/whatever
\& perl Build.PL \-\-install_base /whatever
.Ve
.Sp
This works most like other language's behavior when you specify a
prefix. We recommend this method.
.Sp
2) Use \s-1PREFIX\s0 / \f(CW\*(C`\-\-prefix\*(C'\fR
.Sp
Module::Build 0.28 added support for \f(CW\*(C`\-\-prefix\*(C'\fR which works like
MakeMaker's \s-1PREFIX\s0.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/whatever
\& perl Build.PL \-\-prefix /whatever
.Ve
.Sp
We highly discourage this method. It should only be used if you know
what you're doing and specifically need the \s-1PREFIX\s0 behavior. The
\&\s-1PREFIX\s0 algorithm is complicated and focused on matching the system
installation.
.IP "How do I keep from installing man pages?" 4
.IX Item "How do I keep from installing man pages?"
Recent versions of MakeMaker will only install man pages on Unix-like
operating systems.
.Sp
For an individual module:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& perl Makefile.PL INSTALLMAN1DIR=none INSTALLMAN3DIR=none
.Ve
.Sp
If you want to suppress man page installation for all modules you have
to reconfigure Perl and tell it 'none' when it asks where to install
man pages.
.IP "How do I use a module without installing it?" 4
.IX Item "How do I use a module without installing it?"
Two ways. One is to build the module normally...
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& perl Makefile.PL
\& make
\& make test
.Ve
.Sp
\&...and then set the \s-1PERL5LIB\s0 environment variable to point at the
blib/lib and blib/arch directories.
.Sp
The other is to install the module in a temporary location.
.Sp
.Vb 4
\& perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=~/tmp
\& make
\& make test
\& make install
.Ve
.Sp
And then set \s-1PERL5LIB\s0 to \fI~/tmp/lib/perl5\fR. This works well when you
have multiple modules to work with. It also ensures that the module
goes through its full installation process which may modify it.
.IP "\s-1PREFIX\s0 vs \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 from Module::Build::Cookbook" 4
.IX Item "PREFIX vs INSTALL_BASE from Module::Build::Cookbook"
The behavior of \s-1PREFIX\s0 is complicated and depends closely on how your
Perl is configured. The resulting installation locations will vary from
machine to machine and even different installations of Perl on the same machine.
Because of this, its difficult to document where prefix will place your modules.
.Sp
In contrast, \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 has predictable, easy to explain installation locations.
Now that Module::Build and MakeMaker both have \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 there is little reason
to use \s-1PREFIX\s0 other than to preserve your existing installation locations. If you
are starting a fresh Perl installation we encourage you to use \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0. If
you have an existing installation installed via \s-1PREFIX\s0, consider moving it to an
installation structure matching \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 and using that instead.
.SS "Common errors and problems"
.IX Subsection "Common errors and problems"
.ie n .IP """No rule to make target `/usr/lib/perl5/CORE/config.h', needed by `Makefile'""" 4
.el .IP "``No rule to make target `/usr/lib/perl5/CORE/config.h', needed by `Makefile'''" 4
.IX Item "No rule to make target `/usr/lib/perl5/CORE/config.h', needed by `Makefile'"
Just what it says, you're missing that file. MakeMaker uses it to
determine if perl has been rebuilt since the Makefile was made. It's
a bit of a bug that it halts installation.
.Sp
Some operating systems don't ship the \s-1CORE\s0 directory with their base
perl install. To solve the problem, you likely need to install a perl
development package such as perl-devel (CentOS, Fedora and other
Redhat systems) or perl (Ubuntu and other Debian systems).
.SS "Philosophy and History"
.IX Subsection "Philosophy and History"
.IP "Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?" 4
.IX Item "Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?"
Why did MakeMaker reinvent the build configuration wheel? Why not
just use autoconf or automake or ppm or Ant or ...
.Sp
There are many reasons, but the major one is cross-platform
compatibility.
.Sp
Perl is one of the most ported pieces of software ever. It works on
operating systems I've never even heard of (see perlport for details).
It needs a build tool that can work on all those platforms and with
any wacky C compilers and linkers they might have.
.Sp
No such build tool exists. Even make itself has wildly different
dialects. So we have to build our own.
.IP "What is Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?" 4
.IX Item "What is Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?"
Module::Build is a project by Ken Williams to supplant MakeMaker.
Its primary advantages are:
.RS 4
.IP "\(bu" 8
pure perl. no make, no shell commands
.IP "\(bu" 8
easier to customize
.IP "\(bu" 8
cleaner internals
.IP "\(bu" 8
less cruft
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
Module::Build is the official heir apparent to MakeMaker and we
encourage people to work on M::B rather than spending time adding features
to MakeMaker.
.RE
.SS "Module Writing"
.IX Subsection "Module Writing"
.ie n .IP "How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?" 4
.el .IP "How do I keep my \f(CW$VERSION\fR up to date without resetting it manually?" 4
.IX Item "How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?"
Often you want to manually set the \f(CW$VERSION\fR in the main module
distribution because this is the version that everybody sees on \s-1CPAN\s0
and maybe you want to customize it a bit. But for all the other
modules in your dist, \f(CW$VERSION\fR is really just bookkeeping and all that's
important is it goes up every time the module is changed. Doing this
by hand is a pain and you often forget.
.Sp
Simplest way to do it automatically is to use your version control
system's revision number (you are using version control, right?).
.Sp
In \s-1CVS\s0, \s-1RCS\s0 and \s-1SVN\s0 you use \f(CW$Revision\fR$ (see the documentation of your
version control system for details). Every time the file is checked
in the \f(CW$Revision\fR$ will be updated, updating your \f(CW$VERSION\fR.
.Sp
\&\s-1SVN\s0 uses a simple integer for \f(CW$Revision\fR$ so you can adapt it for your
\&\f(CW$VERSION\fR like so:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& ($VERSION) = q$Revision$ =~ /(\ed+)/;
.Ve
.Sp
In \s-1CVS\s0 and \s-1RCS\s0 version 1.9 is followed by 1.10. Since \s-1CPAN\s0 compares
version numbers numerically we use a \fIsprintf()\fR to convert 1.9 to 1.009
and 1.10 to 1.010 which compare properly.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& $VERSION = sprintf "%d.%03d", q$Revision$ =~ /(\ed+)\e.(\ed+)/g;
.Ve
.Sp
If branches are involved (ie. \f(CW$Revision:\fR 1.5.3.4$) it's a little more
complicated.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& # must be all on one line or MakeMaker will get confused.
\& $VERSION = do { my @r = (q$Revision$ =~ /\ed+/g); sprintf "%d."."%03d" x $#r, @r };
.Ve
.Sp
In \s-1SVN\s0, \f(CW$Revision\fR$ should be the same for every file in the project so
they would all have the same \f(CW$VERSION\fR. \s-1CVS\s0 and \s-1RCS\s0 have a different
\&\f(CW$Revision\fR$ per file so each file will have a different \f(CW$VERSION\fR.
Distributed version control systems, such as \s-1SVK\s0, may have a different
\&\f(CW$Revision\fR$ based on who checks out the file, leading to a different \f(CW$VERSION\fR
on each machine! Finally, some distributed version control systems, such
as darcs, have no concept of revision number at all.
.IP "What's this \fI\s-1META\s0.yml\fR thing and how did it get in my \fI\s-1MANIFEST\s0\fR?!" 4
.IX Item "What's this META.yml thing and how did it get in my MANIFEST?!"
\&\fI\s-1META\s0.yml\fR is a module meta-data file pioneered by Module::Build and
automatically generated as part of the 'distdir' target (and thus
\&'dist'). See \*(L"Module Meta-Data\*(R" in ExtUtils::MakeMaker.
.Sp
To shut off its generation, pass the \f(CW\*(C`NO_META\*(C'\fR flag to \f(CW\*(C`WriteMakefile()\*(C'\fR.
.IP "How do I delete everything not in my \fI\s-1MANIFEST\s0\fR?" 4
.IX Item "How do I delete everything not in my MANIFEST?"
Some folks are surprised that \f(CW\*(C`make distclean\*(C'\fR does not delete
everything not listed in their \s-1MANIFEST\s0 (thus making a clean
distribution) but only tells them what they need to delete. This is
done because it is considered too dangerous. While developing your
module you might write a new file, not add it to the \s-1MANIFEST\s0, then
run a \f(CW\*(C`distclean\*(C'\fR and be sad because your new work was deleted.
.Sp
If you really want to do this, you can use
\&\f(CW\*(C`ExtUtils::Manifest::manifind()\*(C'\fR to read the \s-1MANIFEST\s0 and File::Find
to delete the files. But you have to be careful. Here's a script to
do that. Use at your own risk. Have fun blowing holes in your foot.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& #!/usr/bin/perl \-w
\&
\& use strict;
\&
\& use File::Spec;
\& use File::Find;
\& use ExtUtils::Manifest qw(maniread);
\&
\& my %manifest = map {( $_ => 1 )}
\& grep { File::Spec\->canonpath($_) }
\& keys %{ maniread() };
\&
\& if( !keys %manifest ) {
\& print "No files found in MANIFEST. Stopping.\en";
\& exit;
\& }
\&
\& find({
\& wanted => sub {
\& my $path = File::Spec\->canonpath($_);
\&
\& return unless \-f $path;
\& return if exists $manifest{ $path };
\&
\& print "unlink $path\en";
\& unlink $path;
\& },
\& no_chdir => 1
\& },
\& "."
\& );
.Ve
.IP "Which tar should I use on Windows?" 4
.IX Item "Which tar should I use on Windows?"
We recommend ptar from Archive::Tar not older than 1.66 with '\-C' option.
.IP "Which zip should I use on Windows for '[nd]make zipdist'?" 4
.IX Item "Which zip should I use on Windows for '[nd]make zipdist'?"
We recommend InfoZIP: http://www.info\-zip.org/Zip.html <http://www.info-zip.org/Zip.html>
.SS "\s-1XS\s0"
.IX Subsection "XS"
.ie n .IP "How do I prevent ""object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter Y.YY"" errors?" 4
.el .IP "How do I prevent ``object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter Y.YY'' errors?" 4
.IX Item "How do I prevent object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter Y.YY errors?"
\&\s-1XS\s0 code is very sensitive to the module version number and will
complain if the version number in your Perl module doesn't match. If
you change your module's version # without rerunning Makefile.PL the old
version number will remain in the Makefile, causing the \s-1XS\s0 code to be built
with the wrong number.
.Sp
To avoid this, you can force the Makefile to be rebuilt whenever you
change the module containing the version number by adding this to your
\&\fIWriteMakefile()\fR arguments.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& depend => { \*(Aq$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)\*(Aq => \*(Aq$(VERSION_FROM)\*(Aq }
.Ve
.IP "How do I make two or more \s-1XS\s0 files coexist in the same directory?" 4
.IX Item "How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same directory?"
Sometimes you need to have two and more \s-1XS\s0 files in the same package.
One way to go is to put them into separate directories, but sometimes
this is not the most suitable solution. The following technique allows
you to put two (and more) \s-1XS\s0 files in the same directory.
.Sp
Let's assume that we have a package \f(CW\*(C`Cool::Foo\*(C'\fR, which includes
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cool::Foo\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`Cool::Bar\*(C'\fR modules each having a separate \s-1XS\s0
file. First we use the following \fIMakefile.PL\fR:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
\&
\& WriteMakefile(
\& NAME => \*(AqCool::Foo\*(Aq,
\& VERSION_FROM => \*(AqFoo.pm\*(Aq,
\& OBJECT => q/$(O_FILES)/,
\& # ... other attrs ...
\& );
.Ve
.Sp
Notice the \f(CW\*(C`OBJECT\*(C'\fR attribute. MakeMaker generates the following
variables in \fIMakefile\fR:
.Sp
.Vb 7
\& # Handy lists of source code files:
\& XS_FILES= Bar.xs \e
\& Foo.xs
\& C_FILES = Bar.c \e
\& Foo.c
\& O_FILES = Bar.o \e
\& Foo.o
.Ve
.Sp
Therefore we can use the \f(CW\*(C`O_FILES\*(C'\fR variable to tell MakeMaker to use
these objects into the shared library.
.Sp
That's pretty much it. Now write \fIFoo.pm\fR and \fIFoo.xs\fR, \fIBar.pm\fR
and \fIBar.xs\fR, where \fIFoo.pm\fR bootstraps the shared library and
\&\fIBar.pm\fR simply loading \fIFoo.pm\fR.
.Sp
The only issue left is to how to bootstrap \fIBar.xs\fR. This is done
from \fIFoo.xs\fR:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& MODULE = Cool::Foo PACKAGE = Cool::Foo
\&
\& BOOT:
\& # boot the second XS file
\& boot_Cool_\|_Bar(aTHX_ cv);
.Ve
.Sp
If you have more than two files, this is the place where you should
boot extra \s-1XS\s0 files from.
.Sp
The following four files sum up all the details discussed so far.
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& Foo.pm:
\& \-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\& package Cool::Foo;
\&
\& require DynaLoader;
\&
\& our @ISA = qw(DynaLoader);
\& our $VERSION = \*(Aq0.01\*(Aq;
\& bootstrap Cool::Foo $VERSION;
\&
\& 1;
\&
\& Bar.pm:
\& \-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\& package Cool::Bar;
\&
\& use Cool::Foo; # bootstraps Bar.xs
\&
\& 1;
\&
\& Foo.xs:
\& \-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\& #include "EXTERN.h"
\& #include "perl.h"
\& #include "XSUB.h"
\&
\& MODULE = Cool::Foo PACKAGE = Cool::Foo
\&
\& BOOT:
\& # boot the second XS file
\& boot_Cool_\|_Bar(aTHX_ cv);
\&
\& MODULE = Cool::Foo PACKAGE = Cool::Foo PREFIX = cool_foo_
\&
\& void
\& cool_foo_perl_rules()
\&
\& CODE:
\& fprintf(stderr, "Cool::Foo says: Perl Rules\en");
\&
\& Bar.xs:
\& \-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\& #include "EXTERN.h"
\& #include "perl.h"
\& #include "XSUB.h"
\&
\& MODULE = Cool::Bar PACKAGE = Cool::Bar PREFIX = cool_bar_
\&
\& void
\& cool_bar_perl_rules()
\&
\& CODE:
\& fprintf(stderr, "Cool::Bar says: Perl Rules\en");
.Ve
.Sp
And of course a very basic test:
.Sp
.Vb 9
\& t/cool.t:
\& \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\& use Test;
\& BEGIN { plan tests => 1 };
\& use Cool::Foo;
\& use Cool::Bar;
\& Cool::Foo::perl_rules();
\& Cool::Bar::perl_rules();
\& ok 1;
.Ve
.Sp
This tip has been brought to you by Nick Ing-Simmons and Stas Bekman.
.SH "PATCHING"
.IX Header "PATCHING"
If you have a question you'd like to see added to the \s-1FAQ\s0 (whether or
not you have the answer) please send it to makemaker@perl.org.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
The denizens of makemaker@perl.org.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
ExtUtils::MakeMaker
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