.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.25 (Pod::Simple 3.20)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
. ds -- \(*W-
. ds PI pi
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
. ds L" ""
. ds R" ""
. ds C` ""
. ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
. ds -- \|\(em\|
. ds PI \(*p
. ds L" ``
. ds R" ''
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.ie \nF \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. nr % 0
. rr F
.\}
.el \{\
. de IX
..
.\}
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds #H 0
. ds #V .8m
. ds #F .3m
. ds #[ \f1
. ds #] \fP
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
. ds #V .6m
. ds #F 0
. ds #[ \&
. ds #] \&
.\}
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
. ds ' \&
. ds ` \&
. ds ^ \&
. ds , \&
. ds ~ ~
. ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
. \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
. ds : e
. ds 8 ss
. ds o a
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
. ds th \o'bp'
. ds Th \o'LP'
. ds ae ae
. ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "PERLDIAG 1"
.TH PERLDIAG 1 "2013-03-04" "perl v5.16.3" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
perldiag \- various Perl diagnostics
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
desperation):
.PP
.Vb 7
\& (W) A warning (optional).
\& (D) A deprecation (enabled by default).
\& (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
\& (F) A fatal error (trappable).
\& (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
\& (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
\& (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
.Ve
.PP
The majority of messages from the first three classifications above
(W, D & S) can be controlled using the \f(CW\*(C`warnings\*(C'\fR pragma.
.PP
If a message can be controlled by the \f(CW\*(C`warnings\*(C'\fR pragma, its warning
category is included with the classification letter in the description
below.
.PP
Optional warnings are enabled by using the \f(CW\*(C`warnings\*(C'\fR pragma or the \fB\-w\fR
and \fB\-W\fR switches. Warnings may be captured by setting \f(CW$SIG{_\|_WARN_\|_}\fR
to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead
of printing it. See perlvar.
.PP
Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
with the \f(CW\*(C`warnings\*(C'\fR pragma or the \fB\-X\fR switch.
.PP
Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
\&\*(L"eval\*(R" in perlfunc. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively
disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the \f(CW\*(C`warnings\*(C'\fR pragma.
See warnings.
.PP
The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
denoted with a \f(CW%s\fR or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
letter.
.ie n .IP "\fIaccept()\fR on closed socket %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIaccept()\fR on closed socket \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "accept() on closed socket %s"
(W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget
to check the return value of your \fIsocket()\fR call? See
\&\*(L"accept\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Allocation too large: %x" 4
.el .IP "Allocation too large: \f(CW%x\fR" 4
.IX Item "Allocation too large: %x"
(X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
.ie n .IP "'%c' allowed only after types %s" 4
.el .IP "'%c' allowed only after types \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "'%c' allowed only after types %s"
(F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in \fIpack()\fR or \fIunpack()\fR only
after certain types. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &" 4
.IX Item "Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &"
(W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl
keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling
one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the
subroutine is not imported.
.Sp
To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
imported with the \f(CW\*(C`use subs\*(C'\fR pragma).
.Sp
To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the \f(CW\*(C`CORE::\*(C'\fR prefix
on the operator (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`CORE::log($x)\*(C'\fR) or declare the subroutine
to be an object method (see \*(L"Subroutine Attributes\*(R" in perlsub or
attributes).
.IP "Ambiguous range in transliteration operator" 4
.IX Item "Ambiguous range in transliteration operator"
(F) You wrote something like \f(CW\*(C`tr/a\-z\-0//\*(C'\fR which doesn't mean anything at
all. To include a \f(CW\*(C`\-\*(C'\fR character in a transliteration, put it either
first or last. (In the past, \f(CW\*(C`tr/a\-z\-0//\*(C'\fR was synonymous with
\&\f(CW\*(C`tr/a\-y//\*(C'\fR, which was probably not what you would have expected.)
.ie n .IP "Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s" 4
.el .IP "Ambiguous use of \f(CW%s\fR resolved as \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s"
(W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
.ie n .IP "Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c" 4
.el .IP "Ambiguous use of \f(CW%c\fR resolved as operator \f(CW%c\fR" 4
.IX Item "Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c"
(W ambiguous) \f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`&\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`*\*(C'\fR are both infix operators (modulus,
bitwise and, and multiplication) \fIand\fR initial special characters
(denoting hashes, subroutines and typeglobs), and you said something
like \f(CW\*(C`*foo * foo\*(C'\fR that might be interpreted as either of them. We
assumed you meant the infix operator, but please try to make it more
clear \*(-- in the example given, you might write \f(CW\*(C`*foo * foo()\*(C'\fR if you
really meant to multiply a glob by the result of calling a function.
.ie n .IP "Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s" 4
.el .IP "Ambiguous use of \f(CW%c\fR{%s} resolved to \f(CW%c\fR%s" 4
.IX Item "Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s"
(W ambiguous) You wrote something like \f(CW\*(C`@{foo}\*(C'\fR, which might be
asking for the variable \f(CW@foo\fR, or it might be calling a function
named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference. If you wanted
the variable, you can just write \f(CW@foo\fR. If you wanted to call the
function, write \f(CW\*(C`@{foo()}\*(C'\fR ... or you could just not have a variable
and a function with the same name, and save yourself a lot of trouble.
.ie n .IP "Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...]" 4
.el .IP "Ambiguous use of \f(CW%c\fR{%s[...]} resolved to \f(CW%c\fR%s[...]" 4
.IX Item "Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...]"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...}" 4
.el .IP "Ambiguous use of \f(CW%c\fR{%s{...}} resolved to \f(CW%c\fR%s{...}" 4
.IX Item "Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...}"
.PD
(W ambiguous) You wrote something like \f(CW\*(C`${foo[2]}\*(C'\fR (where foo represents
the name of a Perl keyword), which might be looking for element number
2 of the array named \f(CW@foo\fR, in which case please write \f(CW$foo[2]\fR, or you
might have meant to pass an anonymous arrayref to the function named
foo, and then do a scalar deref on the value it returns. If you meant
that, write \f(CW\*(C`${foo([2])}\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
In regular expressions, the \f(CW\*(C`${foo[2]}\*(C'\fR syntax is sometimes necessary
to disambiguate between array subscripts and character classes.
\&\f(CW\*(C`/$length[2345]/\*(C'\fR, for instance, will be interpreted as \f(CW$length\fR followed
by the character class \f(CW\*(C`[2345]\*(C'\fR. If an array subscript is what you
want, you can avoid the warning by changing \f(CW\*(C`/${length[2345]}/\*(C'\fR to the
unsightly \f(CW\*(C`/${\e$length[2345]}/\*(C'\fR, by renaming your array to something
that does not coincide with a built-in keyword, or by simply turning
off warnings with \f(CW\*(C`no warnings \*(Aqambiguous\*(Aq;\*(C'\fR.
.IP "Ambiguous use of \-%s resolved as \-&%s()" 4
.IX Item "Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s()"
(W ambiguous) You wrote something like \f(CW\*(C`\-foo\*(C'\fR, which might be the
string \f(CW"\-foo"\fR, or a call to the function \f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR, negated. If you meant
the string, just write \f(CW"\-foo"\fR. If you meant the function call,
write \f(CW\*(C`\-foo()\*(C'\fR.
.IP "Ambiguous use of 's//le...' resolved as 's// le...'; Rewrite as 's//el' if you meant 'use locale rules and evaluate rhs as an expression'. In Perl 5.18, it will be resolved the other way" 4
.IX Item "Ambiguous use of 's//le...' resolved as 's// le...'; Rewrite as 's//el' if you meant 'use locale rules and evaluate rhs as an expression'. In Perl 5.18, it will be resolved the other way"
(W deprecated, ambiguous) You wrote a pattern match with substitution
immediately followed by \*(L"le\*(R". In Perl 5.16 and earlier, this is
resolved as meaning to take the result of the substitution, and see if
it is stringwise less-than-or-equal-to what follows in the expression.
Having the \*(L"le\*(R" immediately following a pattern is deprecated behavior,
so in Perl 5.18, this expression will be resolved as meaning to do the
pattern match using the rules of the current locale, and evaluate the
rhs as an expression when doing the substitution. In 5.14, and 5.16 if
you want the latter interpretation, you can simply write \*(L"el\*(R" instead.
But note that the \f(CW\*(C`/l\*(C'\fR modifier should not be used explicitly anyway;
you should use \f(CW\*(C`use locale\*(C'\fR instead. See perllocale.
.IP "'|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line" 4
.IX Item "'|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl does its own command line
redirection, and found that \s-1STDIN\s0 was a pipe, and that you also tried to
redirect \s-1STDIN\s0 using '<'. Only one \s-1STDIN\s0 stream to a customer, please.
.IP "'|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line" 4
.IX Item "'|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl does its own command line
redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and
into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other,
though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script
which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
.Sp
.Vb 6
\& open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can\*(Aqt write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
\& while (<STDIN>) {
\& print;
\& print OUT;
\& }
\& close OUT;
.Ve
.ie n .IP "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)" 4
.el .IP "Applying \f(CW%s\fR to \f(CW%s\fR will act on scalar(%s)" 4
.IX Item "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)"
(W misc) The pattern match (\f(CW\*(C`//\*(C'\fR), substitution (\f(CW\*(C`s///\*(C'\fR), and
transliteration (\f(CW\*(C`tr///\*(C'\fR) operators work on scalar values. If you apply
one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to
a scalar value (the length of an array, or the population info of a
hash) and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what
you meant to do. See \*(L"grep\*(R" in perlfunc and \*(L"map\*(R" in perlfunc for
alternatives.
.IP "Arg too short for msgsnd" 4
.IX Item "Arg too short for msgsnd"
(F) \fImsgsnd()\fR requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
.ie n .IP "%s argument is not a \s-1HASH\s0 or \s-1ARRAY\s0 element or a subroutine" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR argument is not a \s-1HASH\s0 or \s-1ARRAY\s0 element or a subroutine" 4
.IX Item "%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine"
(F) The argument to \fIexists()\fR must be a hash or array element or a
subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& $foo{$bar}
\& $ref\->{"susie"}[12]
\& &do_something
.Ve
.ie n .IP "%s argument is not a \s-1HASH\s0 or \s-1ARRAY\s0 element or slice" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR argument is not a \s-1HASH\s0 or \s-1ARRAY\s0 element or slice" 4
.IX Item "%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice"
(F) The argument to \fIdelete()\fR must be either a hash or array element,
such as:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& $foo{$bar}
\& $ref\->{"susie"}[12]
.Ve
.Sp
or a hash or array slice, such as:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
\& @{$ref\->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
.Ve
.ie n .IP "%s argument is not a subroutine name" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR argument is not a subroutine name" 4
.IX Item "%s argument is not a subroutine name"
(F) The argument to \fIexists()\fR for \f(CW\*(C`exists &sub\*(C'\fR must be a subroutine
name, and not a subroutine call. \f(CW\*(C`exists &sub()\*(C'\fR will generate this
error.
.ie n .IP "Argument ""%s"" isn't numeric%s" 4
.el .IP "Argument ``%s'' isn't numeric%s" 4
.IX Item "Argument %s isn't numeric%s"
(W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator
that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
.ie n .IP "Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer %s"
(W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O
system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers
take care of transforming data between external and internal
representations.) Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this
point and did not attempt to push this layer. If your program
didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the
result of the value of the environment variable \s-1PERLIO\s0.
.ie n .IP "Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()" 4
.el .IP "Array @%s missing the @ in argument \f(CW%d\fR of %s()" 4
.IX Item "Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()"
(D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
.ie n .IP "assertion botched: %s" 4
.el .IP "assertion botched: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "assertion botched: %s"
(X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
.ie n .IP "Assertion failed: file ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Assertion failed: file ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Assertion failed: file %s"
(X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
.IP "Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible" 4
.IX Item "Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible"
(F) When the \*(L"array_base\*(R" feature is disabled (e.g., under \f(CW\*(C`use v5.16;\*(C'\fR)
the special variable \f(CW$[\fR, which is deprecated, is now a fixed zero value.
.IP "Assignment to both a list and a scalar" 4
.IX Item "Assignment to both a list and a scalar"
(F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
know which context to supply to the right side.
.ie n .IP "A thread exited while %d threads were running" 4
.el .IP "A thread exited while \f(CW%d\fR threads were running" 4
.IX Item "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
(W threads)(S) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily
the main thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
Usually it's a good idea first to collect the return values of the
created threads by joining them, and only then to exit from the main
thread. See threads.
.IP "Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash"
(F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
.IP "Attempt to bless into a reference" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to bless into a reference"
(F) The \s-1CLASSNAME\s0 argument to the \fIbless()\fR operator is expected to be
the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've
supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& bless $self, $proto;
.Ve
.Sp
when you intended
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
.Ve
.Sp
If you actually want to bless into the stringified version
of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for
example by:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& bless $self, "$proto";
.Ve
.IP "Attempt to clear deleted array" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to clear deleted array"
(S debugging) An array was assigned to when it was being freed.
Freed values are not supposed to be visible to Perl code. This
can also happen if \s-1XS\s0 code calls \f(CW\*(C`av_clear\*(C'\fR from a custom magic
callback on the array.
.IP "Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash"
(F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
which is not in its key set.
.IP "Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash"
(F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
declared readonly from a restricted hash.
.IP "Attempt to free non-arena \s-1SV:\s0 0x%x" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x"
(S internal) All \s-1SV\s0 objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
that will be garbage collected on exit. An \s-1SV\s0 was discovered to be
outside any of those arenas.
.IP "Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s"
(S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of
strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count
of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
.IP "Attempt to free temp prematurely: \s-1SV\s0 0x%x" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%x"
(S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
\&\fIfree_tmps()\fR routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the
\&\s-1SV\s0 before the \fIfree_tmps()\fR routine gets a chance, which means that the
\&\fIfree_tmps()\fR routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does
try to free it.
.IP "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
(S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
.IP "Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: \s-1SV\s0 0x%x" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%x"
(W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to
see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0
earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed.
This could indicate that \fISvREFCNT_dec()\fR was called too many times, or
that \fISvREFCNT_inc()\fR was called too few times, or that the \s-1SV\s0 was
mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been
corrupted.
.IP "Attempt to join self" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to join self"
(F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an
impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need
to move the \fIjoin()\fR to some other thread.
.IP "Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value"
(W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
function, or a computed expression) to the \*(L"p\*(R" \fIpack()\fR template. This
means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
literals or global values as arguments to the \*(L"p\*(R" \fIpack()\fR template to
avoid this warning.
.ie n .IP "Attempt to reload %s aborted." 4
.el .IP "Attempt to reload \f(CW%s\fR aborted." 4
.IX Item "Attempt to reload %s aborted."
(F) You tried to load a file with \f(CW\*(C`use\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`require\*(C'\fR that failed to
compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
unless you delete its entry from \f(CW%INC\fR. See \*(L"require\*(R" in perlfunc and
\&\*(L"%INC\*(R" in perlvar.
.IP "Attempt to set length of freed array" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to set length of freed array"
(W) You tried to set the length of an array which has been freed. You
can do this by storing a reference to the scalar representing the last index
of an array and later assigning through that reference. For example
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& $r = do {my @a; \e$#a};
\& $$r = 503
.Ve
.IP "Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr" 4
.IX Item "Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr"
(W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to \fIsubstr()\fR
used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
dereference it first. See \*(L"substr\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Attribute ""locked"" is deprecated" 4
.el .IP "Attribute ``locked'' is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Attribute locked is deprecated"
(D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragma to modify the
\&\*(L"locked\*(R" attribute on a code reference. The :locked attribute is
obsolete, has had no effect since 5005 threads were removed, and
will be removed in a future release of Perl 5.
.ie n .IP "Attribute ""unique"" is deprecated" 4
.el .IP "Attribute ``unique'' is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Attribute unique is deprecated"
(D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragma to modify
the \*(L"unique\*(R" attribute on an array, hash or scalar reference.
The :unique attribute has had no effect since Perl 5.8.8, and
will be removed in a future release of Perl 5.
.IP "av_reify called on tied array" 4
.IX Item "av_reify called on tied array"
(S debugging) This indicates that something went wrong and Perl got \fIvery\fR
confused about \f(CW@_\fR or \f(CW@DB::args\fR being tied.
.ie n .IP "Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d" 4
.el .IP "Bad arg length for \f(CW%s\fR, is \f(CW%u\fR, should be \f(CW%d\fR" 4
.IX Item "Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d"
(F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of \fImsgctl()\fR, \fIsemctl()\fR
or \fIshmctl()\fR. In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
sizeof(struct\ msqid_ds\ *), sizeof(struct\ semid_ds\ *), and
sizeof(struct\ shmid_ds\ *).
.IP "Bad evalled substitution pattern" 4
.IX Item "Bad evalled substitution pattern"
(F) You've used the \f(CW\*(C`/e\*(C'\fR switch to evaluate the replacement for a
substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,
most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
.ie n .IP "Bad filehandle: %s" 4
.el .IP "Bad filehandle: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Bad filehandle: %s"
(F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an
\&\fIopen()\fR, or did it in another package.
.IP "Bad \fIfree()\fR ignored" 4
.IX Item "Bad free() ignored"
(S malloc) An internal routine called \fIfree()\fR on something that had never
been \fImalloc()\fRed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
setting environment variable \f(CW\*(C`PERL_BADFREE\*(C'\fR to 0.
.Sp
This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with \*(L"hard\*(R"
dynamic linking, like \f(CW\*(C`AIX\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`OS/2\*(C'\fR. It is a bug of \f(CW\*(C`Berkeley DB\*(C'\fR
which is left unnoticed if \f(CW\*(C`DB\*(C'\fR uses \fIforgiving\fR system \fImalloc()\fR.
.IP "Bad hash" 4
.IX Item "Bad hash"
(P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null \s-1HV\s0 pointer.
.IP "Badly placed ()'s" 4
.IX Item "Badly placed ()'s"
(A) You've accidentally run your script through \fBcsh\fR instead
of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
Perl yourself.
.ie n .IP "Bad name after %s" 4
.el .IP "Bad name after \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Bad name after %s"
(F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then
didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside
of quotes, so
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& $var = \*(Aqmyvar\*(Aq;
\& $sym = mypack::$var;
.Ve
.Sp
is not the same as
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& $var = \*(Aqmyvar\*(Aq;
\& $sym = "mypack::$var";
.Ve
.IP "Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'" 4
.IX Item "Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'"
(F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the
plugin \s-1API\s0.
.IP "Bad \fIrealloc()\fR ignored" 4
.IX Item "Bad realloc() ignored"
(S malloc) An internal routine called \fIrealloc()\fR on something that
had never been \fImalloc()\fRed in the first place. Mandatory, but can
be disabled by setting the environment variable \f(CW\*(C`PERL_BADFREE\*(C'\fR to 1.
.IP "Bad symbol for array" 4
.IX Item "Bad symbol for array"
(P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
wasn't a symbol table entry.
.IP "Bad symbol for dirhandle" 4
.IX Item "Bad symbol for dirhandle"
(P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
that wasn't a symbol table entry.
.IP "Bad symbol for filehandle" 4
.IX Item "Bad symbol for filehandle"
(P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something
that wasn't a symbol table entry.
.IP "Bad symbol for hash" 4
.IX Item "Bad symbol for hash"
(P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
wasn't a symbol table entry.
.IP "Bareword found in conditional" 4
.IX Item "Bareword found in conditional"
(W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part
of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& open FOO || die;
.Ve
.Sp
It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as
a bareword:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& use constant TYPO => 1;
\& if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
.Ve
.Sp
The \f(CW\*(C`strict\*(C'\fR pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
.ie n .IP "Bareword ""%s"" not allowed while ""strict subs"" in use" 4
.el .IP "Bareword ``%s'' not allowed while ``strict subs'' in use" 4
.IX Item "Bareword %s not allowed while strict subs in use"
(F) With \*(L"strict subs\*(R" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the \*(L"=>\*(R"
symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
.ie n .IP "Bareword ""%s"" refers to nonexistent package" 4
.el .IP "Bareword ``%s'' refers to nonexistent package" 4
.IX Item "Bareword %s refers to nonexistent package"
(W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form \f(CW\*(C`Foo::\*(C'\fR, but the
compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps
you need to predeclare a package?
.IP "\s-1BEGIN\s0 failed\*(--compilation aborted" 4
.IX Item "BEGIN failedcompilation aborted"
(F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a \s-1BEGIN\s0
subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
exited.
.IP "\s-1BEGIN\s0 not safe after errors\*(--compilation aborted" 4
.IX Item "BEGIN not safe after errorscompilation aborted"
(F) Perl found a \f(CW\*(C`BEGIN {}\*(C'\fR subroutine (or a \f(CW\*(C`use\*(C'\fR directive, which
implies a \f(CW\*(C`BEGIN {}\*(C'\fR) after one or more compilation errors had already
occurred. Since the intended environment for the \f(CW\*(C`BEGIN {}\*(C'\fR could not
be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely
depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
.ie n .IP "\e1 better written as $1" 4
.el .IP "\e1 better written as \f(CW$1\fR" 4
.IX Item "1 better written as $1"
(W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables.
The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if
there are more than 9 backreferences.
.IP "Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable" 4
.IX Item "Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable"
(W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32\-1
(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
perlport for more on portability concerns.
.ie n .IP "\fIbind()\fR on closed socket %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIbind()\fR on closed socket \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "bind() on closed socket %s"
(W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to
check the return value of your \fIsocket()\fR call? See \*(L"bind\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "\fIbinmode()\fR on closed filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIbinmode()\fR on closed filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "binmode() on closed filehandle %s"
(W unopened) You tried \fIbinmode()\fR on a filehandle that was never opened.
Check your control flow and number of arguments.
.ie n .IP """\eb{"" is deprecated; use ""\eb\e{"" instead" 4
.el .IP "``\eb{'' is deprecated; use ``\eb\e{'' instead" 4
.IX Item "b{ is deprecated; use b{ instead"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP """\eB{"" is deprecated; use ""\eB\e{"" instead" 4
.el .IP "``\eB{'' is deprecated; use ``\eB\e{'' instead" 4
.IX Item "B{ is deprecated; use B{ instead"
.PD
(W deprecated, regexp) Use of an unescaped \*(L"{\*(R" immediately following a
\&\f(CW\*(C`\eb\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\eB\*(C'\fR is now deprecated so as to reserve its use for Perl
itself in a future release.
.IP "Bit vector size > 32 non-portable" 4
.IX Item "Bit vector size > 32 non-portable"
(W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
.ie n .IP "Bizarre copy of %s" 4
.el .IP "Bizarre copy of \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Bizarre copy of %s"
(P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
copiable.
.ie n .IP "Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s" 4
.el .IP "Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s"
(W internal) A warning peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. While Perl was preparing to
iterate over \f(CW%ENV\fR, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition
which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown.
.IP "Bizarre SvTYPE [%d]" 4
.IX Item "Bizarre SvTYPE [%d]"
(P) When starting a new thread or return values from a thread, Perl
encountered an invalid data type.
.IP "Callback called exit" 4
.IX Item "Callback called exit"
(F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via \fIcall_sv()\fR
exited by calling exit.
.IP "%s() called too early to check prototype" 4
.IX Item "%s() called too early to check prototype"
(W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the
parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check
that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an
early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the
subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype
checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the
function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
the warning. See perlsub.
.IP "Cannot compress integer in pack" 4
.IX Item "Cannot compress integer in pack"
(F) An argument to pack(\*(L"w\*(R",...) was too large to compress. The \s-1BER\s0
compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you
attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308).
See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Cannot compress negative numbers in pack" 4
.IX Item "Cannot compress negative numbers in pack"
(F) An argument to pack(\*(L"w\*(R",...) was negative. The \s-1BER\s0 compressed integer
format can only be used with positive integers. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob" 4
.el .IP "Cannot convert a reference to \f(CW%s\fR to typeglob" 4
.IX Item "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob"
(F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a reference
in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional Perl syntax.
The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob, but it there is
no legal conversion from that type of reference to a typeglob.
.ie n .IP "Cannot copy to %s" 4
.el .IP "Cannot copy to \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Cannot copy to %s"
(P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type that cannot
be directly assigned to.
.ie n .IP "Cannot find encoding ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Cannot find encoding ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Cannot find encoding %s"
(S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a filehandle,
either with \fIopen()\fR or \fIbinmode()\fR.
.ie n .IP "Cannot set tied @DB::args" 4
.el .IP "Cannot set tied \f(CW@DB::args\fR" 4
.IX Item "Cannot set tied @DB::args"
(F) \f(CW\*(C`caller\*(C'\fR tried to set \f(CW@DB::args\fR, but found it tied. Tying \f(CW@DB::args\fR
is not supported. (Before this error was added, it used to crash.)
.IP "Cannot tie unreifiable array" 4
.IX Item "Cannot tie unreifiable array"
(P) You somehow managed to call \f(CW\*(C`tie\*(C'\fR on an array that does not
keep a reference count on its arguments and cannot be made to
do so. Such arrays are not even supposed to be accessible to
Perl code, but are only used internally.
.IP "Can only compress unsigned integers in pack" 4
.IX Item "Can only compress unsigned integers in pack"
(F) An argument to pack(\*(L"w\*(R",...) was not an integer. The \s-1BER\s0 compressed
integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted
to compress something else. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Can't bless non-reference value" 4
.IX Item "Can't bless non-reference value"
(F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl \*(L"enforces\*(R"
encapsulation of objects. See perlobj.
.ie n .IP "Can't ""break"" in a loop topicalizer" 4
.el .IP "Can't ``break'' in a loop topicalizer" 4
.IX Item "Can't break in a loop topicalizer"
(F) You called \f(CW\*(C`break\*(C'\fR, but you're in a \f(CW\*(C`foreach\*(C'\fR block rather than
a \f(CW\*(C`given\*(C'\fR block. You probably meant to use \f(CW\*(C`next\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`last\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "Can't ""break"" outside a given block" 4
.el .IP "Can't ``break'' outside a given block" 4
.IX Item "Can't break outside a given block"
(F) You called \f(CW\*(C`break\*(C'\fR, but you're not inside a \f(CW\*(C`given\*(C'\fR block.
.ie n .IP "Can't call method ""%s"" on an undefined value" 4
.el .IP "Can't call method ``%s'' on an undefined value" 4
.IX Item "Can't call method %s on an undefined value"
(F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something
like this will reproduce the error:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& $BADREF = undef;
\& process $BADREF 1,2,3;
\& $BADREF\->process(1,2,3);
.Ve
.ie n .IP "Can't call method ""%s"" on unblessed reference" 4
.el .IP "Can't call method ``%s'' on unblessed reference" 4
.IX Item "Can't call method %s on unblessed reference"
(F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you
didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an
object reference until it has been blessed. See perlobj.
.ie n .IP "Can't call method ""%s"" without a package or object reference" 4
.el .IP "Can't call method ``%s'' without a package or object reference" 4
.IX Item "Can't call method %s without a package or object reference"
(F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a
defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.
Something like this will reproduce the error:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& $BADREF = 42;
\& process $BADREF 1,2,3;
\& $BADREF\->process(1,2,3);
.Ve
.ie n .IP "Can't chdir to %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't chdir to \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't chdir to %s"
(F) You called \f(CW\*(C`perl \-x/foo/bar\*(C'\fR, but \f(CW\*(C`/foo/bar\*(C'\fR is not a directory
that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
.ie n .IP "Can't check filesystem of script ""%s"" for nosuid" 4
.el .IP "Can't check filesystem of script ``%s'' for nosuid" 4
.IX Item "Can't check filesystem of script %s for nosuid"
(P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for
nosuid.
.ie n .IP "Can't coerce %s to %s in %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't coerce \f(CW%s\fR to \f(CW%s\fR in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't coerce %s to %s in %s"
(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
(typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
say things like:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& *foo += 1;
.Ve
.Sp
You \s-1CAN\s0 say
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& $foo = *foo;
\& $foo += 1;
.Ve
.Sp
but then \f(CW$foo\fR no longer contains a glob.
.ie n .IP "Can't ""continue"" outside a when block" 4
.el .IP "Can't ``continue'' outside a when block" 4
.IX Item "Can't continue outside a when block"
(F) You called \f(CW\*(C`continue\*(C'\fR, but you're not inside a \f(CW\*(C`when\*(C'\fR
or \f(CW\*(C`default\*(C'\fR block.
.IP "Can't create pipe mailbox" 4
.IX Item "Can't create pipe mailbox"
(P) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. The process is suffering from exhausted
quotas or other plumbing problems.
.ie n .IP "Can't declare %s in ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Can't declare \f(CW%s\fR in ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Can't declare %s in %s"
(F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as \*(L"my\*(R", \*(L"our\*(R" or
\&\*(L"state\*(R" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
.ie n .IP "Can't ""default"" outside a topicalizer" 4
.el .IP "Can't ``default'' outside a topicalizer" 4
.IX Item "Can't default outside a topicalizer"
(F) You have used a \f(CW\*(C`default\*(C'\fR block that is neither inside a
\&\f(CW\*(C`foreach\*(C'\fR loop nor a \f(CW\*(C`given\*(C'\fR block. (Note that this error is
issued on exit from the \f(CW\*(C`default\*(C'\fR block, so you won't get the
error if you use an explicit \f(CW\*(C`continue\*(C'\fR.)
.ie n .IP "Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file" 4
.el .IP "Can't do inplace edit: \f(CW%s\fR is not a regular file" 4
.IX Item "Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file"
(S inplace) You tried to use the \fB\-i\fR switch on a special file, such as
a file in /dev, or a \s-1FIFO\s0. The file was ignored.
.ie n .IP "Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't do inplace edit on \f(CW%s:\fR \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s"
(S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
reason.
.IP "Can't do inplace edit without backup" 4
.IX Item "Can't do inplace edit without backup"
(F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
\&\f(CW\*(C`\-i.bak\*(C'\fR, or some such.
.ie n .IP "Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique" 4
.el .IP "Can't do inplace edit: \f(CW%s\fR would not be unique" 4
.IX Item "Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique"
(S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14
characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during
inplace editing with the \fB\-i\fR switch. The file was ignored.
.IP "Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really
want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The
<\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem
was discovered. See perlre.
.IP "Can't do waitpid with flags" 4
.IX Item "Can't do waitpid with flags"
(F) This machine doesn't have either \fIwaitpid()\fR or \fIwait4()\fR, so only
\&\fIwaitpid()\fR without flags is emulated.
.IP "Can't emulate \-%s on #! line" 4
.IX Item "Can't emulate -%s on #! line"
(F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a \fB\-x\fR on the #!
line.
.ie n .IP "Can't %s %s\-endian %ss on this platform" 4
.el .IP "Can't \f(CW%s\fR \f(CW%s\fR\-endian \f(CW%ss\fR on this platform" 4
.IX Item "Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform"
(F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian,
or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and unpacking big\- or
little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible.
See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Can't exec ""%s"": %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't exec ``%s'': \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't exec %s: %s"
(W exec) A \fIsystem()\fR, \fIexec()\fR, or piped open call could not execute the
named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the
permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in
\&\f(CW$ENV{PATH}\fR, the executable in question was compiled for another
architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that
can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support
#! at all.)
.ie n .IP "Can't exec %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't exec \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't exec %s"
(F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because
that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may
need to mention \*(L"perl\*(R" on the #! line somewhere.
.ie n .IP "Can't execute %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't execute \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't execute %s"
(F) You used the \fB\-S\fR switch, but the copies of the script to execute
found in the \s-1PATH\s0 did not have correct permissions.
.ie n .IP "Can't find an opnumber for ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Can't find an opnumber for ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Can't find an opnumber for %s"
(F) A string of a form \f(CW\*(C`CORE::word\*(C'\fR was given to \fIprototype()\fR, but there
is no builtin with the name \f(CW\*(C`word\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "Can't find %s character property ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Can't find \f(CW%s\fR character property ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Can't find %s character property %s"
(F) You used \f(CW\*(C`\ep{}\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\eP{}\*(C'\fR but the character property by that name
could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the property?
See \*(L"Properties accessible through \ep{} and \eP{}\*(R" in perluniprops
for a complete list of available properties.
.ie n .IP "Can't find label %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't find label \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't find label %s"
(F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's
possible for us to go to. See \*(L"goto\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Can't find %s on \s-1PATH\s0" 4
.el .IP "Can't find \f(CW%s\fR on \s-1PATH\s0" 4
.IX Item "Can't find %s on PATH"
(F) You used the \fB\-S\fR switch, but the script to execute could not be
found in the \s-1PATH\s0.
.ie n .IP "Can't find %s on \s-1PATH\s0, '.' not in \s-1PATH\s0" 4
.el .IP "Can't find \f(CW%s\fR on \s-1PATH\s0, '.' not in \s-1PATH\s0" 4
.IX Item "Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH"
(F) You used the \fB\-S\fR switch, but the script to execute could not be
found in the \s-1PATH\s0, or at least not with the correct permissions. The
script exists in the current directory, but \s-1PATH\s0 prohibits running it.
.ie n .IP "Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before \s-1EOF\s0" 4
.el .IP "Can't find string terminator \f(CW%s\fR anywhere before \s-1EOF\s0" 4
.IX Item "Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF"
(F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means
that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count
nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& print q(The character \*(Aq(\*(Aq starts a side comment.);
.Ve
.Sp
If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or there
may not be a linebreak after it. A good programmer's editor will have
a way to help you find these characters (or lack of characters). See
perlop for the full details on here-documents.
.ie n .IP "Can't find Unicode property definition ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Can't find Unicode property definition ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Can't find Unicode property definition %s"
(F) You may have tried to use \f(CW\*(C`\ep\*(C'\fR which means a Unicode
property (for example \f(CW\*(C`\ep{Lu}\*(C'\fR matches all uppercase
letters). If you did mean to use a Unicode property, see
\&\*(L"Properties accessible through \ep{} and \eP{}\*(R" in perluniprops
for a complete list of available properties. If you didn't
mean to use a Unicode property, escape the \f(CW\*(C`\ep\*(C'\fR, either by
\&\f(CW\*(C`\e\ep\*(C'\fR (just the \f(CW\*(C`\ep\*(C'\fR) or by \f(CW\*(C`\eQ\ep\*(C'\fR (the rest of the string, or
until \f(CW\*(C`\eE\*(C'\fR).
.ie n .IP "Can't fork: %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't fork: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't fork: %s"
(F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
pipeline.
.IP "Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds" 4
.IX Item "Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds"
(W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with \s-1EAGAIN\s0 and will be retried
after five seconds.
.IP "Can't get filespec \- stale stat buffer?" 4
.IX Item "Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?"
(S) A warning peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. This arises because of the difference
between access checks under \s-1VMS\s0 and under the Unix model Perl assumes.
Under \s-1VMS\s0, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in
the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into
account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all
the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to
the access-checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using
the device name and \s-1FID\s0 present in the stat buffer, but this works only
if you haven't made a subsequent call to the \s-1CRTL\s0 \fIstat()\fR routine,
because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
appears, the name lookup failed, and the access-checking routine gave up
and returned \s-1FALSE\s0, just to be conservative. (Note: The access-checking
routine knows about the Perl \f(CW\*(C`stat\*(C'\fR operator and file tests, so you
shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises
only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.)
.IP "Can't get pipe mailbox device name" 4
.IX Item "Can't get pipe mailbox device name"
(P) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. After creating a mailbox to act as a
pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
.IP "Can't get \s-1SYSGEN\s0 parameter value for \s-1MAXBUF\s0" 4
.IX Item "Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF"
(P) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl asked \f(CW$GETSYI\fR how big you want your
mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
.ie n .IP "Can't ""goto"" into the middle of a foreach loop" 4
.el .IP "Can't ``goto'' into the middle of a foreach loop" 4
.IX Item "Can't goto into the middle of a foreach loop"
(F) A \*(L"goto\*(R" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach
loop. You can't get there from here. See \*(L"goto\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Can't ""goto"" out of a pseudo block" 4
.el .IP "Can't ``goto'' out of a pseudo block" 4
.IX Item "Can't goto out of a pseudo block"
(F) A \*(L"goto\*(R" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like
a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if
you tried to jump out of a \fIsort()\fR block or subroutine, which is a no-no.
See \*(L"goto\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)" 4
.IX Item "Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)"
(F) The \*(L"goto subroutine\*(R" call can't be used to jump out of the
comparison sub for a \fIsort()\fR, or from a similar callback (such
as the \fIreduce()\fR function in List::Util).
.IP "Can't goto subroutine from an eval\-%s" 4
.IX Item "Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s"
(F) The \*(L"goto subroutine\*(R" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
\&\*(L"string\*(R" or block.
.IP "Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine" 4
.IX Item "Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine"
(F) The deeply magical \*(L"goto subroutine\*(R" call can only replace one
subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an \s-1AUTOLOAD\s0
routine anyway. See \*(L"goto\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Can't ignore signal \s-1CHLD\s0, forcing to default" 4
.IX Item "Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default"
(W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the \s-1SIGCHLD\s0
signal (sometimes known as \s-1SIGCLD\s0) disabled. Since disabling this
signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child
processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This
situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl
may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
.IP "Can't kill a non-numeric process \s-1ID\s0" 4
.IX Item "Can't kill a non-numeric process ID"
(F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal error to
attempt to \fIkill()\fR an undefined, empty-string or otherwise non-numeric
process identifier.
.ie n .IP "Can't ""last"" outside a loop block" 4
.el .IP "Can't ``last'' outside a loop block" 4
.IX Item "Can't last outside a loop block"
(F) A \*(L"last\*(R" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current
block. Note that an \*(L"if\*(R" or \*(L"else\*(R" block doesn't count as a \*(L"loopish\*(R"
block, as doesn't a block given to \fIsort()\fR, \fImap()\fR or \fIgrep()\fR. You can
usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the
inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See
\&\*(L"last\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Can't linearize anonymous symbol table" 4
.IX Item "Can't linearize anonymous symbol table"
(F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (\s-1MRO\s0) of a
package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
.ie n .IP "Can't load '%s' for module %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't load '%s' for module \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't load '%s' for module %s"
(F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension.
This may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one
that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known
to happen between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your
dynamic extension was built against an older version of the library
that is installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old
dynamic extensions.
.ie n .IP "Can't localize lexical variable %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't localize lexical variable \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't localize lexical variable %s"
(F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
lexical variable using \*(L"my\*(R" or \*(L"state\*(R". This is not allowed. If you
want to localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with
the package name.
.IP "Can't localize through a reference" 4
.IX Item "Can't localize through a reference"
(F) You said something like \f(CW\*(C`local $$ref\*(C'\fR, which Perl can't currently
handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever \f(CW$ref\fR
pointed to after the scope of the \fIlocal()\fR is finished, it can't be sure
that \f(CW$ref\fR will still be a reference.
.ie n .IP "Can't locate %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't locate \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't locate %s"
(F) You said to \f(CW\*(C`do\*(C'\fR (or \f(CW\*(C`require\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`use\*(C'\fR) a file that couldn't be found.
Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in \f(CW@INC\fR, unless
the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you need
to set the \s-1PERL5LIB\s0 or \s-1PERL5OPT\s0 environment variable to say where the
extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name
to \f(CW@INC\fR. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See
\&\*(L"require\*(R" in perlfunc and lib.
.ie n .IP "Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC" 4
.el .IP "Can't locate auto/%s.al in \f(CW@INC\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC"
(F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes
are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to \f(CW\*(C`AutoSplit\*(C'\fR
the file, say, by doing \f(CW\*(C`make install\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC" 4
.el .IP "Can't locate loadable object for module \f(CW%s\fR in \f(CW@INC\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC"
(F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like
for example, \fIfoo.so\fR or \fIbar.dll\fR, but the DynaLoader module was
unable to locate this library. See DynaLoader.
.ie n .IP "Can't locate object method ""%s"" via package ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Can't locate object method ``%s'' via package ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Can't locate object method %s via package %s"
(F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
method, nor does any of its base classes. See perlobj.
.ie n .IP "Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA" 4
.el .IP "Can't locate package \f(CW%s\fR for @%s::ISA" 4
.IX Item "Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA"
(W syntax) The \f(CW@ISA\fR array contained the name of another package that
doesn't seem to exist.
.IP "Can't locate PerlIO%s" 4
.IX Item "Can't locate PerlIO%s"
(F) You tried to use in \fIopen()\fR a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
e.g. open(\s-1FH\s0, \*(L">:nosuchlayer\*(R", \*(L"somefile\*(R").
.ie n .IP "Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system" 4
.el .IP "Can't make list assignment to \f(CW%ENV\fR on this system" 4
.IX Item "Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system"
(F) List assignment to \f(CW%ENV\fR is not supported on some systems, notably
\&\s-1VMS\s0.
.ie n .IP "Can't modify %s in %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't modify \f(CW%s\fR in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't modify %s in %s"
(F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try
to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
.IP "Can't modify nonexistent substring" 4
.IX Item "Can't modify nonexistent substring"
(P) The internal routine that does assignment to a \fIsubstr()\fR was handed
a \s-1NULL\s0.
.IP "Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call" 4
.IX Item "Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call"
(F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as
such. See \*(L"Lvalue subroutines\*(R" in perlsub.
.IP "Can't msgrcv to read-only var" 4
.IX Item "Can't msgrcv to read-only var"
(F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
buffer.
.ie n .IP "Can't ""next"" outside a loop block" 4
.el .IP "Can't ``next'' outside a loop block" 4
.IX Item "Can't next outside a loop block"
(F) A \*(L"next\*(R" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
there isn't a current block. Note that an \*(L"if\*(R" or \*(L"else\*(R" block doesn't
count as a \*(L"loopish\*(R" block, as doesn't a block given to \fIsort()\fR, \fImap()\fR or
\&\fIgrep()\fR. You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops
once. See \*(L"next\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Can't open %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't open \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't open %s"
(F) You tried to run a perl built with \s-1MAD\s0 support with
the \s-1PERL_XMLDUMP\s0 environment variable set, but the file
named by that variable could not be opened.
.ie n .IP "Can't open %s: %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't open \f(CW%s:\fR \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't open %s: %s"
(S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the \f(CW\*(C`<>\*(C'\fR
filehandle, either implicitly under the \f(CW\*(C`\-n\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\-p\*(C'\fR command-line
switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually
this is because you don't have read permission for a file which
you named on the command line.
.Sp
(F) You tried to call perl with the \fB\-e\fR switch, but \fI/dev/null\fR (or
your operating system's equivalent) could not be opened.
.IP "Can't open a reference" 4
.IX Item "Can't open a reference"
(W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
using the 3\-arg \fIopen()\fR syntax:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& open FH, \*(Aq>\*(Aq, $ref;
.Ve
.Sp
but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of
open is not supported.
.IP "Can't open bidirectional pipe" 4
.IX Item "Can't open bidirectional pipe"
(W pipe) You tried to say \f(CW\*(C`open(CMD, "|cmd|")\*(C'\fR, which is not supported.
You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such
as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
\&\*(L">\*(R", and then read it in under a different file handle.
.ie n .IP "Can't open error file %s as stderr" 4
.el .IP "Can't open error file \f(CW%s\fR as stderr" 4
.IX Item "Can't open error file %s as stderr"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl does its own command line
redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on
the command line for writing.
.ie n .IP "Can't open input file %s as stdin" 4
.el .IP "Can't open input file \f(CW%s\fR as stdin" 4
.IX Item "Can't open input file %s as stdin"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl does its own command line
redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
command line for reading.
.ie n .IP "Can't open output file %s as stdout" 4
.el .IP "Can't open output file \f(CW%s\fR as stdout" 4
.IX Item "Can't open output file %s as stdout"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl does its own command line
redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on
the command line for writing.
.ie n .IP "Can't open output pipe (name: %s)" 4
.el .IP "Can't open output pipe (name: \f(CW%s\fR)" 4
.IX Item "Can't open output pipe (name: %s)"
(P) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl does its own command line
redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
for stdout.
.ie n .IP "Can't open perl script ""%s"": %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't open perl script ``%s'': \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't open perl script %s: %s"
(F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
.Sp
If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the
shell's \f(CW$PATH\fR search, the \-S option causes perl to do that search, so
you don't have to type the path or \f(CW\*(C`\`which $scriptname\`\*(C'\fR.
.IP "Can't read \s-1CRTL\s0 environ" 4
.IX Item "Can't read CRTL environ"
(S) A warning peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl tried to read an element of \f(CW%ENV\fR
from the \s-1CRTL\s0's internal environment array and discovered the array was
missing. You need to figure out where your \s-1CRTL\s0 misplaced its environ
or define \fI\s-1PERL_ENV_TABLES\s0\fR (see perlvms) so that environ is not
searched.
.ie n .IP "Can't ""redo"" outside a loop block" 4
.el .IP "Can't ``redo'' outside a loop block" 4
.IX Item "Can't redo outside a loop block"
(F) A \*(L"redo\*(R" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
there isn't a current block. Note that an \*(L"if\*(R" or \*(L"else\*(R" block doesn't
count as a \*(L"loopish\*(R" block, as doesn't a block given to \fIsort()\fR, \fImap()\fR
or \fIgrep()\fR. You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that
loops once. See \*(L"redo\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file" 4
.el .IP "Can't remove \f(CW%s:\fR \f(CW%s\fR, skipping file" 4
.IX Item "Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file"
(S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with
the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
.ie n .IP "Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file" 4
.el .IP "Can't rename \f(CW%s\fR to \f(CW%s:\fR \f(CW%s\fR, skipping file" 4
.IX Item "Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file"
(S inplace) The rename done by the \fB\-i\fR switch failed for some reason,
probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
.ie n .IP "Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode" 4
.el .IP "Can't reopen input pipe (name: \f(CW%s\fR) in binary mode" 4
.IX Item "Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode"
(P) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried
to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
.ie n .IP "Can't reset %ENV on this system" 4
.el .IP "Can't reset \f(CW%ENV\fR on this system" 4
.IX Item "Can't reset %ENV on this system"
(F) You called \f(CW\*(C`reset(\*(AqE\*(Aq)\*(C'\fR or similar, which tried to reset
all variables in the current package beginning with \*(L"E\*(R". In
the main package, that includes \f(CW%ENV\fR. Resetting \f(CW%ENV\fR is not
supported on some systems, notably \s-1VMS\s0.
.ie n .IP "Can't resolve method ""%s"" overloading ""%s"" in package ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Can't resolve method ``%s'' overloading ``%s'' in package ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Can't resolve method %s overloading %s in package %s"
(F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
package. If the method name is \f(CW\*(C`???\*(C'\fR, this is an internal error.
.ie n .IP "Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine" 4
.el .IP "Can't return \f(CW%s\fR from lvalue subroutine" 4
.IX Item "Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine"
(F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This
is not allowed.
.IP "Can't return outside a subroutine" 4
.IX Item "Can't return outside a subroutine"
(F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
there was no subroutine call to return out of. See perlsub.
.ie n .IP "Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context" 4
.el .IP "Can't return \f(CW%s\fR to lvalue scalar context" 4
.IX Item "Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context"
(F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue
subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl
think you meant to return only one value. You probably meant to
write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell
Perl that the call should be in list context.
.ie n .IP "Can't stat script ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Can't stat script ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Can't stat script %s"
(P) For some reason you can't \fIfstat()\fR the script even though you have it
open already. Bizarre.
.ie n .IP "Can't take log of %g" 4
.el .IP "Can't take log of \f(CW%g\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't take log of %g"
(F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the
negative numbers.
.ie n .IP "Can't take sqrt of %g" 4
.el .IP "Can't take sqrt of \f(CW%g\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't take sqrt of %g"
(F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
.IP "Can't undef active subroutine" 4
.IX Item "Can't undef active subroutine"
(F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
.ie n .IP "Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d" 4
.el .IP "Can't upgrade \f(CW%s\fR (%d) to \f(CW%d\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d"
(P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds \*(L"members\*(R" to an \s-1SV\s0, making it
into a more specialized kind of \s-1SV\s0. The top several \s-1SV\s0 types are so
specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message
indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
.IP "Can't use '%c' after \-mname" 4
.IX Item "Can't use '%c' after -mname"
(F) You tried to call perl with the \fB\-m\fR switch, but you put something
other than \*(L"=\*(R" after the module name.
.IP "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup" 4
.IX Item "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup"
(F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous
for example by undefining stashes: \f(CW\*(C`undef %Some::Package::\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "Can't use an undefined value as %s reference" 4
.el .IP "Can't use an undefined value as \f(CW%s\fR reference" 4
.IX Item "Can't use an undefined value as %s reference"
(F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
.ie n .IP "Can't use bareword (""%s"") as %s ref while ""strict refs"" in use" 4
.el .IP "Can't use bareword (``%s'') as \f(CW%s\fR ref while ``strict refs'' in use" 4
.IX Item "Can't use bareword (%s) as %s ref while strict refs in use"
(F) Only hard references are allowed by \*(L"strict refs\*(R". Symbolic
references are disallowed. See perlref.
.IP "Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available" 4
.IX Item "Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available"
(F) The first time the \f(CW\*(C`%!\*(C'\fR hash is used, perl automatically loads the
Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
provide symbolic names for \f(CW$!\fR errno values.
.ie n .IP "Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s"
(F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian
byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not
allowed. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Can't use %s for loop variable" 4
.el .IP "Can't use \f(CW%s\fR for loop variable" 4
.IX Item "Can't use %s for loop variable"
(F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
foreach.
.ie n .IP "Can't use global %s in ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Can't use global \f(CW%s\fR in ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Can't use global %s in %s"
(F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This
is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location
(namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to
have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
weren't.
.ie n .IP "Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s"
(F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type
that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier.
For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that
is inside a big-endian group.
.ie n .IP "Can't use ""my %s"" in sort comparison" 4
.el .IP "Can't use ``my \f(CW%s\fR'' in sort comparison" 4
.IX Item "Can't use my %s in sort comparison"
(F) The global variables \f(CW$a\fR and \f(CW$b\fR are reserved for sort comparisons.
You mentioned \f(CW$a\fR or \f(CW$b\fR in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator,
and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
lexical variable.
.ie n .IP "Can't use %s ref as %s ref" 4
.el .IP "Can't use \f(CW%s\fR ref as \f(CW%s\fR ref" 4
.IX Item "Can't use %s ref as %s ref"
(F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
reference of the type needed. You can use the \fIref()\fR function to
test the type of the reference, if need be.
.ie n .IP "Can't use string (""%s"") as %s ref while ""strict refs"" in use" 4
.el .IP "Can't use string (``%s'') as \f(CW%s\fR ref while ``strict refs'' in use" 4
.IX Item "Can't use string (%s) as %s ref while strict refs in use"
(F) Only hard references are allowed by \*(L"strict refs\*(R". Symbolic
references are disallowed. See perlref.
.ie n .IP "Can't use subscript on %s" 4
.el .IP "Can't use subscript on \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Can't use subscript on %s"
(F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
.IP "Can't use \e%c to mean $%c in expression" 4
.IX Item "Can't use %c to mean $%c in expression"
(W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that
creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a
backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a
value that prints out looking like \s-1\fISCALAR\s0\fR\|(0xdecaf). Use the \f(CW$1\fR form
instead.
.IP "Can't weaken a nonreference" 4
.IX Item "Can't weaken a nonreference"
(F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only
references can be weakened.
.ie n .IP "Can't ""when"" outside a topicalizer" 4
.el .IP "Can't ``when'' outside a topicalizer" 4
.IX Item "Can't when outside a topicalizer"
(F) You have used a \fIwhen()\fR block that is neither inside a \f(CW\*(C`foreach\*(C'\fR
loop nor a \f(CW\*(C`given\*(C'\fR block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
from the \f(CW\*(C`when\*(C'\fR block, so you won't get the error if the match fails,
or if you use an explicit \f(CW\*(C`continue\*(C'\fR.)
.IP "Can't x= to read-only value" 4
.IX Item "Can't x= to read-only value"
(F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value)
with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
.ie n .IP "Character following ""\ec"" must be \s-1ASCII\s0" 4
.el .IP "Character following ``\ec'' must be \s-1ASCII\s0" 4
.IX Item "Character following c must be ASCII"
(F)(W deprecated, syntax) In \f(CW\*(C`\ec\f(CIX\f(CW\*(C'\fR, \fIX\fR must be an \s-1ASCII\s0 character.
It is planned to make this fatal in all instances in Perl 5.18. In the
cases where it isn't fatal, the character this evaluates to is
derived by exclusive or'ing the code point of this character with 0x40.
.Sp
Note that non-alphabetic \s-1ASCII\s0 characters are discouraged here as well.
.IP "Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack" 4
.IX Item "Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack"
(W pack) You said
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& pack("C", $x)
.Ve
.Sp
where \f(CW$x\fR is either less than 0 or more than 255; the \f(CW"C"\fR format is
only for encoding native operating system characters (\s-1ASCII\s0, \s-1EBCDIC\s0,
and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& pack("C", $x & 255)
.Ve
.Sp
If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the \f(CW"U"\fR format
instead.
.IP "Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack" 4
.IX Item "Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack"
(W pack) You said
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& pack("U0W", $x)
.Ve
.Sp
where \f(CW$x\fR is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, \f(CW\*(C`U0\*(C'\fR\-mode
expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved
as if you meant:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& pack("U0W", $x & 255)
.Ve
.IP "Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack" 4
.IX Item "Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack"
(W pack) You said
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& pack("c", $x)
.Ve
.Sp
where \f(CW$x\fR is either less than \-128 or more than 127; the \f(CW"c"\fR format
is only for encoding native operating system characters (\s-1ASCII\s0, \s-1EBCDIC\s0,
and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& pack("c", $x & 255);
.Ve
.Sp
If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the \f(CW"U"\fR format
instead.
.IP "Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack" 4
.IX Item "Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack"
(W unpack) You tried something like
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& unpack("H", "\ex{2a1}")
.Ve
.Sp
where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value
below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the
value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& unpack("H", "\ex{a1}")
.Ve
.IP "Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack" 4
.IX Item "Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack"
(W pack) You tried something like
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& pack("u", "\ex{1f3}b")
.Ve
.Sp
where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& pack("u", "\ex{f3}b")
.Ve
.IP "Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack" 4
.IX Item "Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack"
(W unpack) You tried something like
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& unpack("s", "\ex{1f3}b")
.Ve
.Sp
where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& unpack("s", "\ex{f3}b")
.Ve
.ie n .IP """\ec{"" is deprecated and is more clearly written as "";""" 4
.el .IP "``\ec{'' is deprecated and is more clearly written as ``;''" 4
.IX Item "c{ is deprecated and is more clearly written as ;"
(D deprecated, syntax) The \f(CW\*(C`\ec\f(CIX\f(CW\*(C'\fR construct is intended to be a way
to specify non-printable characters. You used it with a \*(L"{\*(R" which
evaluates to \*(L";\*(R", which is printable. It is planned to remove the
ability to specify a semi-colon this way in Perl 5.18. Just use a
semi-colon or a backslash-semi-colon without the \*(L"\ec\*(R".
.ie n .IP """\ec%c"" is more clearly written simply as ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "``\ec%c'' is more clearly written simply as ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "c%c is more clearly written simply as %s"
(W syntax) The \f(CW\*(C`\ec\f(CIX\f(CW\*(C'\fR construct is intended to be a way to specify
non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which is better
written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash for non-word
characters.
.IP "Cloning substitution context is unimplemented" 4
.IX Item "Cloning substitution context is unimplemented"
(F) Creating a new thread inside the \f(CW\*(C`s///\*(C'\fR operator is not supported.
.ie n .IP "\fIclose()\fR on unopened filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIclose()\fR on unopened filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "close() on unopened filehandle %s"
(W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
.ie n .IP "\fIclosedir()\fR attempted on invalid dirhandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIclosedir()\fR attempted on invalid dirhandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s"
(W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not really
a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
.IP "Closure prototype called" 4
.IX Item "Closure prototype called"
(F) If a closure has attributes, the subroutine passed to an attribute
handler is the prototype that is cloned when a new closure is created.
This subroutine cannot be called.
.IP "Code missing after '/'" 4
.IX Item "Code missing after '/'"
(F) You had a (sub\-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be
another template code following the slash. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable" 4
.IX Item "Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable"
.PD 0
.IP "Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, all \ep{} matches fail; all \eP{} matches succeed" 4
.IX Item "Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, all p{} matches fail; all P{} matches succeed"
.PD
(W utf8, non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum
of U+10FFFF.
.Sp
Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code points, up
to the limit of what is storable in an unsigned integer on your system,
but these may not be accepted by other languages/systems. At one time,
it was legal in some standards to have code points up to 0x7FFF_FFFF,
but not higher. Code points above 0xFFFF_FFFF require larger than a
32 bit word.
.Sp
None of the Unicode or Perl-defined properties will match a non-Unicode
code point. For example,
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& chr(0x7FF_FFFF) =~ /\ep{Any}/
.Ve
.Sp
will not match, because the code point is not in Unicode. But
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& chr(0x7FF_FFFF) =~ /\eP{Any}/
.Ve
.Sp
will match.
.Sp
This may be counterintuitive at times, as both these fail:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& chr(0x110000) =~ \ep{ASCII_Hex_Digit=True} # Fails.
\& chr(0x110000) =~ \ep{ASCII_Hex_Digit=False} # Also fails!
.Ve
.Sp
and both these succeed:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& chr(0x110000) =~ \eP{ASCII_Hex_Digit=True} # Succeeds.
\& chr(0x110000) =~ \eP{ASCII_Hex_Digit=False} # Also succeeds!
.Ve
.ie n .IP "%s: Command not found" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s:\fR Command not found" 4
.IX Item "%s: Command not found"
(A) You've accidentally run your script through \fBcsh\fR or another shell
shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file could look like
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& #!/usr/bin/perl \-w
.Ve
.IP "Compilation failed in require" 4
.IX Item "Compilation failed in require"
(F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a \f(CW\*(C`require\*(C'\fR statement.
Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it
encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
.IP "Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded" 4
.IX Item "Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded"
(W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited
to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
arbitrarily. (\*(L"Simple\*(R" and \*(L"medium\*(R" situations are handled without
recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with \f(CW\*(C`while\*(C'\fR) rather than
in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so
that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See perlfaq2 for information
on \fIMastering Regular Expressions\fR.)
.IP "\fIcond_broadcast()\fR called on unlocked variable" 4
.IX Item "cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable"
(W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to
call \fIcond_broadcast()\fR on a variable which wasn't locked.
The \fIcond_broadcast()\fR function is used to wake up another thread
that is waiting in a \fIcond_wait()\fR. To ensure that the signal isn't
sent before the other thread has a chance to enter the wait, it
is usual for the signaling thread first to wait for a lock on
variable. This lock attempt will only succeed after the other
thread has entered \fIcond_wait()\fR and thus relinquished the lock.
.IP "\fIcond_signal()\fR called on unlocked variable" 4
.IX Item "cond_signal() called on unlocked variable"
(W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to
call \fIcond_signal()\fR on a variable which wasn't locked. The
\&\fIcond_signal()\fR function is used to wake up another thread that
is waiting in a \fIcond_wait()\fR. To ensure that the signal isn't
sent before the other thread has a chance to enter the wait, it
is usual for the signaling thread first to wait for a lock on
variable. This lock attempt will only succeed after the other
thread has entered \fIcond_wait()\fR and thus relinquished the lock.
.ie n .IP "\fIconnect()\fR on closed socket %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIconnect()\fR on closed socket \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "connect() on closed socket %s"
(W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget
to check the return value of your \fIsocket()\fR call? See
\&\*(L"connect\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Constant(%s)%s: %s" 4
.el .IP "Constant(%s)%s: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Constant(%s)%s: %s"
(F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define
an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name
specified in the \f(CW\*(C`\eN{...}\*(C'\fR escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the
corresponding overload pragma?.
.ie n .IP "Constant(%s)%s: %s in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.el .IP "Constant(%s)%s: \f(CW%s\fR in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Constant(%s)%s: %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to find
the character name specified in the \f(CW\*(C`\eN{...}\*(C'\fR escape.
.ie n .IP "Constant is not %s reference" 4
.el .IP "Constant is not \f(CW%s\fR reference" 4
.IX Item "Constant is not %s reference"
(F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the \f(CW\*(C`use constant\*(C'\fR pragma)
is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference.
The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This
usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value.
See \*(L"Constant Functions\*(R" in perlsub and constant.
.ie n .IP "Constant subroutine %s redefined" 4
.el .IP "Constant subroutine \f(CW%s\fR redefined" 4
.IX Item "Constant subroutine %s redefined"
(W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
been eligible for inlining. See \*(L"Constant Functions\*(R" in perlsub
for commentary and workarounds.
.ie n .IP "Constant subroutine %s undefined" 4
.el .IP "Constant subroutine \f(CW%s\fR undefined" 4
.IX Item "Constant subroutine %s undefined"
(W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible
for inlining. See \*(L"Constant Functions\*(R" in perlsub for commentary and
workarounds.
.IP "Copy method did not return a reference" 4
.IX Item "Copy method did not return a reference"
(F) The method which overloads \*(L"=\*(R" is buggy. See
\&\*(L"Copy Constructor\*(R" in overload.
.IP "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly" 4
.IX Item "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly"
(F) You tried to call a subroutine in the \f(CW\*(C`CORE::\*(C'\fR namespace
with \f(CW&foo\fR syntax or through a reference. Some subroutines
in this package cannot yet be called that way, but must be
called as barewords. Something like this will work:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& BEGIN { *shove = \e&CORE::push; }
\& shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array
.Ve
.IP "CORE::%s is not a keyword" 4
.IX Item "CORE::%s is not a keyword"
(F) The \s-1CORE::\s0 namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
.IP "corrupted regexp pointers" 4
.IX Item "corrupted regexp pointers"
(P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
expression compiler gave it.
.IP "corrupted regexp program" 4
.IX Item "corrupted regexp program"
(P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a
valid magic number.
.IP "Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x" 4
.IX Item "Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x"
(P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
.IP "Count after length/code in unpack" 4
.IX Item "Count after length/code in unpack"
(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but
you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
\&\*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine" 4
.IX Item "Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "Deep recursion on subroutine ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Deep recursion on subroutine ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Deep recursion on subroutine %s"
.PD
(W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly)
100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an
infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in
which case it indicates something else.
.Sp
This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the \fIperl\fR binary,
setting the C pre-processor macro \f(CW\*(C`PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN\*(C'\fR to the desired value.
.IP "defined(@array) is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "defined(@array) is deprecated"
(D deprecated) \fIdefined()\fR is not usually useful on arrays because it
checks for an undefined \fIscalar\fR value. If you want to see if the
array is empty, just use \f(CW\*(C`if (@array) { # not empty }\*(C'\fR for example.
.IP "defined(%hash) is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "defined(%hash) is deprecated"
(D deprecated) \f(CW\*(C`defined()\*(C'\fR is not usually right on hashes and has been
discouraged since 5.004.
.Sp
Although \f(CW\*(C`defined %hash\*(C'\fR is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including iterators,
weak references, stash names, even remaining true after \f(CW\*(C`undef %hash\*(C'\fR.
These things make \f(CW\*(C`defined %hash\*(C'\fR fairly useless in practice.
.Sp
If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in boolean
context (see \*(L"Scalar values\*(R" in perldata):
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& if (%hash) {
\& # not empty
\& }
.Ve
.Sp
If you had \f(CW\*(C`defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX\*(C'\fR to check whether such a package
variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and isn't
a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or whether
it's loaded, etc.
.IP "(?(\s-1DEFINE\s0)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "(?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used something like \f(CW\*(C`(?(DEFINE)...|..)\*(C'\fR which is illegal. The
most likely cause of this error is that you left out a parenthesis inside
of the \f(CW\*(C`....\*(C'\fR part.
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered.
.ie n .IP "%s defines neither package nor VERSION\*(--version check failed" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR defines neither package nor VERSION\*(--version check failed" 4
.IX Item "%s defines neither package nor VERSIONversion check failed"
(F) You said something like \*(L"use Module 42\*(R" but in the Module file
there are neither package declarations nor a \f(CW$VERSION\fR.
.IP "Delimiter for here document is too long" 4
.IX Item "Delimiter for here document is too long"
(F) In a here document construct like \f(CW\*(C`<<FOO\*(C'\fR, the label \f(CW\*(C`FOO\*(C'\fR is too
long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code
that triggers this error.
.ie n .IP "Deprecated character in \eN{...}; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in \eN{%s<\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 %s" 4
.el .IP "Deprecated character in \eN{...}; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in \eN{%s<\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Deprecated character in N{...}; marked by <-- HERE in N{%s<-- HERE %s"
(D deprecated) Just about anything is legal for the \f(CW\*(C`...\*(C'\fR in \f(CW\*(C`\eN{...}\*(C'\fR.
But starting in 5.12, non-reasonable ones that don't look like names
are deprecated. A reasonable name begins with an alphabetic character
and continues with any combination of alphanumerics, dashes, spaces,
parentheses or colons.
.IP "Deprecated use of \fImy()\fR in false conditional" 4
.IX Item "Deprecated use of my() in false conditional"
(D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to \f(CW\*(C`my $x if 0\*(C'\fR. There
has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable
not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of
static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people
relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by
declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
.Ve
.Sp
becomes
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
.Ve
.Sp
Beginning with perl 5.9.4, you can also use \f(CW\*(C`state\*(C'\fR variables to have
lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
.Ve
.IP "\s-1DESTROY\s0 created new reference to dead object '%s'" 4
.IX Item "DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'"
(F) A \s-1\fIDESTROY\s0()\fR method created a new reference to the object which is
just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather
than to create a dangling reference.
.IP "Did not produce a valid header" 4
.IX Item "Did not produce a valid header"
See Server error.
.ie n .IP "%s did not return a true value" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR did not return a true value" 4
.IX Item "%s did not return a true value"
(F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
traditional to end such a file with a \*(L"1;\*(R", though any true value would
do. See \*(L"require\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "(Did you mean &%s instead?)" 4
.IX Item "(Did you mean &%s instead?)"
(W misc) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as \f(CW$FOO\fR or
some such.
.ie n .IP "(Did you mean ""local"" instead of ""our""?)" 4
.el .IP "(Did you mean ``local'' instead of ``our''?)" 4
.IX Item "(Did you mean local instead of our?)"
(W misc) Remember that \*(L"our\*(R" does not localize the declared global
variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which
seems superfluous.
.IP "(Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)" 4
.IX Item "(Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)"
(W) You probably said \f(CW%hash\fR{$key} when you meant \f(CW$hash\fR{$key} or
\&\f(CW@hash\fR{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant \f(CW%hash\fR and got
carried away.
.IP "Died" 4
.IX Item "Died"
(F) You passed \fIdie()\fR an empty string (the equivalent of \f(CW\*(C`die ""\*(C'\fR) or
you called it with no args and \f(CW$@\fR was empty.
.IP "Document contains no data" 4
.IX Item "Document contains no data"
See Server error.
.ie n .IP "%s does not define %s::VERSION\*(--version check failed" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR does not define \f(CW%s::VERSION\fR\*(--version check failed" 4
.IX Item "%s does not define %s::VERSIONversion check failed"
(F) You said something like \*(L"use Module 42\*(R" but the Module did not
define a \f(CW\*(C`$VERSION.\*(C'\fR
.IP "'/' does not take a repeat count" 4
.IX Item "'/' does not take a repeat count"
(F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code.
See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'" 4
.IX Item "Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'"
(P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
.IP "do_study: out of memory" 4
.IX Item "do_study: out of memory"
(P) This should have been caught by \fIsafemalloc()\fR instead.
.ie n .IP "(Do you need to predeclare %s?)" 4
.el .IP "(Do you need to predeclare \f(CW%s\fR?)" 4
.IX Item "(Do you need to predeclare %s?)"
(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
\&\*(L"%s found where operator expected\*(R". It often means a subroutine or module
name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
\&\*(L"sub\*(R", \*(L"package\*(R", \*(L"require\*(R", or \*(L"use\*(R" statement. If you're referencing
something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the
subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty
\&\*(L"sub foo;\*(R" or \*(L"package \s-1FOO\s0;\*(R" to enter a \*(L"forward\*(R" declaration.
.IP "\fIdump()\fR better written as \fICORE::dump()\fR" 4
.IX Item "dump() better written as CORE::dump()"
(W misc) You used the obsolescent \f(CW\*(C`dump()\*(C'\fR built-in function, without fully
qualifying it as \f(CW\*(C`CORE::dump()\*(C'\fR. Maybe it's a typo. See \*(L"dump\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "dump is not supported" 4
.IX Item "dump is not supported"
(F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
.IP "Duplicate \fIfree()\fR ignored" 4
.IX Item "Duplicate free() ignored"
(S malloc) An internal routine called \fIfree()\fR on something that had
already been freed.
.ie n .IP "Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s" 4
.el .IP "Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s"
(W) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a type
in a pack template. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "elseif should be elsif" 4
.IX Item "elseif should be elsif"
(S syntax) There is no keyword \*(L"elseif\*(R" in Perl because Larry thinks
it's ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method
named \*(L"elseif\*(R" for the class returned by the following block. This is
unlikely to be what you want.
.ie n .IP "Empty %s" 4
.el .IP "Empty \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Empty %s"
(F) \f(CW\*(C`\ep\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eP\*(C'\fR are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as
described in perlunicode and perlre. You used \f(CW\*(C`\ep\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\eP\*(C'\fR in
a regular expression without specifying the property name.
.ie n .IP "entering effective %s failed" 4
.el .IP "entering effective \f(CW%s\fR failed" 4
.IX Item "entering effective %s failed"
(F) While under the \f(CW\*(C`use filetest\*(C'\fR pragma, switching the real and
effective uids or gids failed.
.ie n .IP "%ENV is aliased to %s" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%ENV\fR is aliased to \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "%ENV is aliased to %s"
(F) You're running under taint mode, and the \f(CW%ENV\fR variable has been
aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the
program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
.ie n .IP "Error converting file specification %s" 4
.el .IP "Error converting file specification \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Error converting file specification %s"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Because Perl may have to deal with file
specifications in either \s-1VMS\s0 or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed
an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the
conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
.ie n .IP "%s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s:\fR Eval-group in insecure regular expression" 4
.IX Item "%s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression"
(F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
expression that contains the \f(CW\*(C`(?{ ... })\*(C'\fR zero-width assertion, which
is unsafe. See \*(L"(?{ code })\*(R" in perlre, and perlsec.
.ie n .IP "%s: Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval'" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s:\fR Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval'" 4
.IX Item "%s: Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval'"
(F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the
\&\f(CW\*(C`(?{ ... })\*(C'\fR zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk,
it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by using the
\&\f(CW\*(C`re \*(Aqeval\*(Aq\*(C'\fR pragma or by explicitly building the pattern from an
interpolated string at run time and using that in an \fIeval()\fR. See
\&\*(L"(?{ code })\*(R" in perlre.
.ie n .IP "%s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s:\fR Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'" 4
.IX Item "%s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'"
(F) A regular expression contained the \f(CW\*(C`(?{ ... })\*(C'\fR zero-width
assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the \f(CW\*(C`use re \*(Aqeval\*(Aq\*(C'\fR
pragma is in effect. See \*(L"(?{ code })\*(R" in perlre.
.IP "\s-1EVAL\s0 without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used a pattern that nested too many \s-1EVAL\s0 calls without consuming
any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is consumed.
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered.
.IP "Excessively long <> operator" 4
.IX Item "Excessively long <> operator"
(F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
filenames, try using the \fIglob()\fR operator, or put the filenames into a
variable and glob that.
.IP "exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system" 4
.IX Item "exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system"
(F) The \f(CW\*(C`exec\*(C'\fR function is not implemented on some systems, e.g., Symbian
\&\s-1OS\s0. See perlport.
.ie n .IP "Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors." 4
.el .IP "Execution of \f(CW%s\fR aborted due to compilation errors." 4
.IX Item "Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors."
(F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
.ie n .IP "Exiting eval via %s" 4
.el .IP "Exiting eval via \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Exiting eval via %s"
(W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a
goto, or a loop control statement.
.ie n .IP "Exiting format via %s" 4
.el .IP "Exiting format via \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Exiting format via %s"
(W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a
goto, or a loop control statement.
.ie n .IP "Exiting pseudo-block via %s" 4
.el .IP "Exiting pseudo-block via \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Exiting pseudo-block via %s"
(W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a
sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a
loop control statement. See \*(L"sort\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Exiting subroutine via %s" 4
.el .IP "Exiting subroutine via \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Exiting subroutine via %s"
(W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such
as a goto, or a loop control statement.
.ie n .IP "Exiting substitution via %s" 4
.el .IP "Exiting substitution via \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Exiting substitution via %s"
(W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such
as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
.IP "Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)" 4
.IX Item "Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)"
(W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package,
e.g. bless($ref, \f(CW$p\fR || 'MyPackage');
.ie n .IP "%s: Expression syntax" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s:\fR Expression syntax" 4
.IX Item "%s: Expression syntax"
(A) You've accidentally run your script through \fBcsh\fR instead of Perl.
Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
.ie n .IP "%s failed\*(--call queue aborted" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR failed\*(--call queue aborted" 4
.IX Item "%s failedcall queue aborted"
(F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a \s-1UNITCHECK\s0,
\&\s-1CHECK\s0, \s-1INIT\s0, or \s-1END\s0 subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
.ie n .IP "False [] range ""%s"" in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.el .IP "False [] range ``%s'' in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "False [] range %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal
character, not another character class like \f(CW\*(C`\ed\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`[:alpha:]\*(C'\fR. The \*(L"\-\*(R"
in your false range is interpreted as a literal \*(L"\-\*(R". Consider quoting the
\&\*(L"\-\*(R", \*(L"\e\-\*(R". The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the
problem was discovered. See perlre.
.ie n .IP "Fatal \s-1VMS\s0 error (status=%d) at %s, line %d" 4
.el .IP "Fatal \s-1VMS\s0 error (status=%d) at \f(CW%s\fR, line \f(CW%d\fR" 4
.IX Item "Fatal VMS error (status=%d) at %s, line %d"
(P) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Something untoward happened in a \s-1VMS\s0
system service or \s-1RTL\s0 routine; Perl's exit status should provide more
details. The filename in \*(L"at \f(CW%s\fR\*(R" and the line number in \*(L"line \f(CW%d\fR\*(R" tell
you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
.IP "fcntl is not implemented" 4
.IX Item "fcntl is not implemented"
(F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement \fIfcntl()\fR. What is this, a
\&\s-1PDP\-11\s0 or something?
.IP "\s-1FETCHSIZE\s0 returned a negative value" 4
.IX Item "FETCHSIZE returned a negative value"
(F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements, which
is not possible.
.IP "Field too wide in 'u' format in pack" 4
.IX Item "Field too wide in 'u' format in pack"
(W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string start with a length indicator
which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for
a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified
\&\f(CW\*(C`u63\*(C'\fR as the format.
.ie n .IP "Filehandle %s opened only for input" 4
.el .IP "Filehandle \f(CW%s\fR opened only for input" 4
.IX Item "Filehandle %s opened only for input"
(W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended
it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with \*(L"+<\*(R" or
\&\*(L"+>\*(R" or \*(L"+>>\*(R" instead of with \*(L"<\*(R" or nothing. If you intended only to
write the file, use \*(L">\*(R" or \*(L">>\*(R". See \*(L"open\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Filehandle %s opened only for output" 4
.el .IP "Filehandle \f(CW%s\fR opened only for output" 4
.IX Item "Filehandle %s opened only for output"
(W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If
you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it
with \*(L"+<\*(R" or \*(L"+>\*(R" or \*(L"+>>\*(R" instead of with \*(L">\*(R". If you intended only to
read from the file, use \*(L"<\*(R". See \*(L"open\*(R" in perlfunc. Another possibility
is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0 (also known as \s-1STDIN\s0) for
output (maybe you closed \s-1STDIN\s0 earlier?).
.ie n .IP "Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input" 4
.el .IP "Filehandle \f(CW%s\fR reopened as \f(CW%s\fR only for input" 4
.IX Item "Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input"
(W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
as \s-1STDOUT\s0 or \s-1STDERR\s0. This occurred because you closed \s-1STDOUT\s0 or \s-1STDERR\s0
previously.
.ie n .IP "Filehandle \s-1STDIN\s0 reopened as %s only for output" 4
.el .IP "Filehandle \s-1STDIN\s0 reopened as \f(CW%s\fR only for output" 4
.IX Item "Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output"
(W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
as \s-1STDIN\s0. This occurred because you closed \s-1STDIN\s0 previously.
.ie n .IP "Final $ should be \e$ or $name" 4
.el .IP "Final $ should be \e$ or \f(CW$name\fR" 4
.IX Item "Final $ should be $ or $name"
(F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
name.
.ie n .IP "\fIflock()\fR on closed filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIflock()\fR on closed filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "flock() on closed filehandle %s"
(W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to \fIflock()\fR got itself closed
some time before now. Check your control flow. \fIflock()\fR operates on
filehandles. Are you attempting to call \fIflock()\fR on a dirhandle by the
same name?
.IP "Format not terminated" 4
.IX Item "Format not terminated"
(F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
to the end of your file without finding such a line.
.ie n .IP "Format %s redefined" 4
.el .IP "Format \f(CW%s\fR redefined" 4
.IX Item "Format %s redefined"
(W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
.Sp
.Vb 4
\& {
\& no warnings \*(Aqredefine\*(Aq;
\& eval "format NAME =...";
\& }
.Ve
.IP "Found = in conditional, should be ==" 4
.IX Item "Found = in conditional, should be =="
(W syntax) You said
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& if ($foo = 123)
.Ve
.Sp
when you meant
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& if ($foo == 123)
.Ve
.Sp
(or something like that).
.ie n .IP "%s found where operator expected" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR found where operator expected" 4
.IX Item "%s found where operator expected"
(S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator.
If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an
operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
.ie n .IP "gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "gdbm store returned \f(CW%d\fR, errno \f(CW%d\fR, key ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key %s"
(S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
.IP "gethostent not implemented" 4
.IX Item "gethostent not implemented"
(F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement \fIgethostent()\fR, probably
because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
on the Internet.
.ie n .IP "get%\fIsname()\fR on closed socket %s" 4
.el .IP "get%\fIsname()\fR on closed socket \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "get%sname() on closed socket %s"
(W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed
socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your \fIsocket()\fR call?
.ie n .IP "getpwnam returned invalid \s-1UIC\s0 %#o for user ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "getpwnam returned invalid \s-1UIC\s0 %#o for user ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user %s"
(S) A warning peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. The call to \f(CW\*(C`sys$getuai\*(C'\fR underlying the
\&\f(CW\*(C`getpwnam\*(C'\fR operator returned an invalid \s-1UIC\s0.
.ie n .IP "\fIgetsockopt()\fR on closed socket %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIgetsockopt()\fR on closed socket \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "getsockopt() on closed socket %s"
(W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
forget to check the return value of your \fIsocket()\fR call? See
\&\*(L"getsockopt\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Global symbol ""%s"" requires explicit package name" 4
.el .IP "Global symbol ``%s'' requires explicit package name" 4
.IX Item "Global symbol %s requires explicit package name"
(F) You've said \*(L"use strict\*(R" or \*(L"use strict vars\*(R", which indicates
that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using \*(L"my\*(R" or \*(L"state\*(R"),
declared beforehand using \*(L"our\*(R", or explicitly qualified to say
which package the global variable is in (using \*(L"::\*(R").
.IP "glob failed (%s)" 4
.IX Item "glob failed (%s)"
(S glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used
for \f(CW\*(C`glob\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`<*.c>\*(C'\fR. Usually, this means that you supplied a \f(CW\*(C`glob\*(C'\fR
pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell)
is broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables
in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as
if it were csh (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`full_csh=\*(Aq/usr/bin/tcsh\*(Aq\*(C'\fR); otherwise, make them
all empty (except that \f(CW\*(C`d_csh\*(C'\fR should be \f(CW\*(Aqundef\*(Aq\fR) so that Perl will
think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
\&\f(CW\*(C`./Configure \-S\*(C'\fR and rebuild Perl.
.IP "Glob not terminated" 4
.IX Item "Glob not terminated"
(F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
earlier in the line, and you really meant a \*(L"less than\*(R".
.IP "gmtime(%f) too large" 4
.IX Item "gmtime(%f) too large"
(W overflow) You called \f(CW\*(C`gmtime\*(C'\fR with a number that was larger than
it can reliably handle and \f(CW\*(C`gmtime\*(C'\fR probably returned the wrong
date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
not-a-number value).
.IP "gmtime(%f) too small" 4
.IX Item "gmtime(%f) too small"
(W overflow) You called \f(CW\*(C`gmtime\*(C'\fR with a number that was smaller than
it can reliably handle and \f(CW\*(C`gmtime\*(C'\fR probably returned the wrong date.
.IP "Got an error from DosAllocMem" 4
.IX Item "Got an error from DosAllocMem"
(P) An error peculiar to \s-1OS/2\s0. Most probably you're using an obsolete
version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
.IP "goto must have label" 4
.IX Item "goto must have label"
(F) Unlike with \*(L"next\*(R" or \*(L"last\*(R", you're not allowed to goto an
unspecified destination. See \*(L"goto\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Goto undefined subroutine%s" 4
.IX Item "Goto undefined subroutine%s"
(F) You tried to call a subroutine with \f(CW\*(C`goto &sub\*(C'\fR syntax, but
the indicated subroutine hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
has since been undefined.
.IP "()\-group starts with a count" 4
.IX Item "()-group starts with a count"
(F) A ()\-group started with a count. A count is supposed to follow
something: a template character or a ()\-group. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "%s had compilation errors." 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR had compilation errors." 4
.IX Item "%s had compilation errors."
(F) The final summary message when a \f(CW\*(C`perl \-c\*(C'\fR fails.
.ie n .IP "Had to create %s unexpectedly" 4
.el .IP "Had to create \f(CW%s\fR unexpectedly" 4
.IX Item "Had to create %s unexpectedly"
(S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought
to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be
created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
.ie n .IP "Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()" 4
.el .IP "Hash %%s missing the % in argument \f(CW%d\fR of %s()" 4
.IX Item "Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()"
(D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some
spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
.ie n .IP "%s has too many errors" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR has too many errors" 4
.IX Item "%s has too many errors"
(F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
.IP "Having no space between pattern and following word is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Having no space between pattern and following word is deprecated"
(D syntax)
.Sp
You had a word that isn't a regex modifier immediately following
a pattern without an intervening space. If you are trying to use
the \f(CW\*(C`/le\*(C'\fR flags on a substitution, use \f(CW\*(C`/el\*(C'\fR instead. Otherwise, add
white space between the pattern and following word to eliminate
the warning. As an example of the latter, the two constructs:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& $a =~ m/$foo/sand $bar
\& $a =~ m/$foo/s and $bar
.Ve
.Sp
both currently mean the same thing, but it is planned to disallow
the first form in Perl 5.18. And,
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& $a =~ m/$foo/and $bar
.Ve
.Sp
will be disallowed too.
.IP "Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable" 4
.IX Item "Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable"
(W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32\-1
(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
perlport for more on portability concerns.
.IP "Identifier too long" 4
.IX Item "Identifier too long"
(F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
names (like \f(CW$A::B\fR). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions
of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
.IP "Ignoring zero length \eN{} in character class" 4
.IX Item "Ignoring zero length N{} in character class"
(W) Named Unicode character escapes \f(CW\*(C`(\eN{...})\*(C'\fR may return a zero-length
sequence. When such an escape is used in a character class its
behaviour is not well defined. Check that the correct escape has
been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
.ie n .IP "Illegal binary digit %s" 4
.el .IP "Illegal binary digit \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Illegal binary digit %s"
(F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
.ie n .IP "Illegal binary digit %s ignored" 4
.el .IP "Illegal binary digit \f(CW%s\fR ignored" 4
.IX Item "Illegal binary digit %s ignored"
(W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the
offending digit.
.ie n .IP "Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s" 4
.el .IP "Illegal character after '_' in prototype for \f(CW%s\fR : \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s"
(W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration.
Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, \e, and +.
.IP "Illegal character \e%o (carriage return)" 4
.IX Item "Illegal character %o (carriage return)"
(F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error
when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your
version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk
to your Perl administrator.
.ie n .IP "Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s" 4
.el .IP "Illegal character in prototype for \f(CW%s\fR : \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s"
(W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration.
Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, \e, and +.
.IP "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine" 4
.IX Item "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
(F) When using the \f(CW\*(C`sub\*(C'\fR keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine,
you must always specify a block of code. See perlsub.
.ie n .IP "Illegal declaration of subroutine %s" 4
.el .IP "Illegal declaration of subroutine \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Illegal declaration of subroutine %s"
(F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See perlsub.
.IP "Illegal division by zero" 4
.IX Item "Illegal division by zero"
(F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in
your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
meaningless input.
.ie n .IP "Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored" 4
.el .IP "Illegal hexadecimal digit \f(CW%s\fR ignored" 4
.IX Item "Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored"
(W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 \- 9 or
A \- F, a \- f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal
number stopped before the illegal character.
.IP "Illegal modulus zero" 4
.IX Item "Illegal modulus zero"
(F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
numbers don't take to this kindly.
.IP "Illegal number of bits in vec" 4
.IX Item "Illegal number of bits in vec"
(F) The number of bits in \fIvec()\fR (the third argument) must be a power of
two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
.ie n .IP "Illegal octal digit %s" 4
.el .IP "Illegal octal digit \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Illegal octal digit %s"
(F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
.ie n .IP "Illegal octal digit %s ignored" 4
.el .IP "Illegal octal digit \f(CW%s\fR ignored" 4
.IX Item "Illegal octal digit %s ignored"
(W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
.IP "Illegal switch in \s-1PERL5OPT:\s0 \-%c" 4
.IX Item "Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c"
(X) The \s-1PERL5OPT\s0 environment variable may only be used to set the
following switches: \fB\-[CDIMUdmtw]\fR.
.ie n .IP "Ill-formed \s-1CRTL\s0 environ value ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Ill-formed \s-1CRTL\s0 environ value ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Ill-formed CRTL environ value %s"
(W internal) A warning peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl tried to read the \s-1CRTL\s0's
internal environ array, and encountered an element without the \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR
delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored.
.IP "Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|" 4
.IX Item "Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|"
(W internal) A warning peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl tried to read a logical
name or \s-1CLI\s0 symbol definition when preparing to iterate over \f(CW%ENV\fR, and
didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was
ignored.
.ie n .IP "(in cleanup) %s" 4
.el .IP "(in cleanup) \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "(in cleanup) %s"
(W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a \s-1\fIDESTROY\s0()\fR method raised
the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the
system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of
times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that
would otherwise result in the same message being repeated.
.Sp
Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the \f(CW\*(C`G_KEEPERR\*(C'\fR flag could
also result in this warning. See \*(L"G_KEEPERR\*(R" in perlcall.
.IP "Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on parent '%s'" 4
.IX Item "Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on parent '%s'"
(F) The method resolution order (\s-1MRO\s0) of the given class is not
C3\-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 \s-1MRO\s0 for this class. See the C3
documentation in mro for more information.
.IP "In \s-1EBCDIC\s0 the v\-string components cannot exceed 2147483647" 4
.IX Item "In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1EBCDIC\s0. Internally, v\-strings are stored as
Unicode code points, and encoded in \s-1EBCDIC\s0 as UTF-EBCDIC. The UTF-EBCDIC
encoding is limited to code points no larger than 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF).
.IP "Infinite recursion in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Infinite recursion in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any input
text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive patterns
either consume text or fail.
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered.
.IP "Initialization of state variables in list context currently forbidden" 4
.IX Item "Initialization of state variables in list context currently forbidden"
(F) Currently the implementation of \*(L"state\*(R" only permits the
initialization of scalar variables in scalar context. Re-write
\&\f(CW\*(C`state ($a) = 42\*(C'\fR as \f(CW\*(C`state $a = 42\*(C'\fR to change from list to scalar
context. Constructions such as \f(CW\*(C`state (@a) = foo()\*(C'\fR will be
supported in a future perl release.
.ie n .IP "Insecure dependency in %s" 4
.el .IP "Insecure dependency in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Insecure dependency in %s"
(F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or
setgid, or when you specify \fB\-T\fR to turn it on explicitly. The
tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly
from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any
such data is used in a \*(L"dangerous\*(R" operation, you get this error. See
perlsec for more information.
.ie n .IP "Insecure directory in %s" 4
.el .IP "Insecure directory in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Insecure directory in %s"
(F) You can't use \fIsystem()\fR, \fIexec()\fR, or a piped open in a setuid or
setgid script if \f(CW$ENV{PATH}\fR contains a directory that is writable by
the world. Also, the \s-1PATH\s0 must not contain any relative directory.
See perlsec.
.ie n .IP "Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s" 4
.el .IP "Insecure \f(CW$ENV\fR{%s} while running \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s"
(F) You can't use \fIsystem()\fR, \fIexec()\fR, or a piped open in a setuid or
setgid script if any of \f(CW$ENV{PATH}\fR, \f(CW$ENV{IFS}\fR, \f(CW$ENV{CDPATH}\fR,
\&\f(CW$ENV{ENV}\fR, \f(CW$ENV{BASH_ENV}\fR or \f(CW$ENV{TERM}\fR are derived from data
supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set
the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See perlsec.
.ie n .IP "Insecure user-defined property %s" 4
.el .IP "Insecure user-defined property \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Insecure user-defined property %s"
(F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
expression that contains a call to a user-defined character property
function, i.e. \f(CW\*(C`\ep{IsFoo}\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\ep{InFoo}\*(C'\fR.
See \*(L"User-Defined Character Properties\*(R" in perlunicode and perlsec.
.ie n .IP "Integer overflow in format string for %s" 4
.el .IP "Integer overflow in format string for \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Integer overflow in format string for %s"
(F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of \f(CW\*(C`printf()\*(C'\fR
or \f(CW\*(C`sprintf()\*(C'\fR are too large. The numbers must not overflow the size of
integers for your architecture.
.ie n .IP "Integer overflow in %s number" 4
.el .IP "Integer overflow in \f(CW%s\fR number" 4
.IX Item "Integer overflow in %s number"
(W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified
either as a literal or as an argument to \fIhex()\fR or \fIoct()\fR is too big for
your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number.
On a 32\-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number
representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or
0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl
transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation
internally\*(--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
operations.
.IP "Integer overflow in version" 4
.IX Item "Integer overflow in version"
(F) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for the
size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning
because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use a
element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by
trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like
100/9.
.IP "Internal disaster in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered.
.IP "Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks" 4
.IX Item "Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks"
(S) A warning peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl keeps track of the number of times
you've called \f(CW\*(C`fork\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`exec\*(C'\fR, to determine whether the current call
to \f(CW\*(C`exec\*(C'\fR should affect the current script or a subprocess (see
\&\*(L"exec \s-1LIST\s0\*(R" in perlvms). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so
Perl is making a guess and treating this \f(CW\*(C`exec\*(C'\fR as a request to
terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command.
.IP "Internal urp in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The
<\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered.
.ie n .IP "%s (...) interpreted as function" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR (...) interpreted as function" 4
.IX Item "%s (...) interpreted as function"
(W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator
followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list
operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
\&\*(L"Terms and List Operators (Leftward)\*(R" in perlop.
.ie n .IP "Invalid %s attribute: %s" 4
.el .IP "Invalid \f(CW%s\fR attribute: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Invalid %s attribute: %s"
(F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized
by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
.ie n .IP "Invalid %s attributes: %s" 4
.el .IP "Invalid \f(CW%s\fR attributes: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Invalid %s attributes: %s"
(F) The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
.ie n .IP "Invalid conversion in %s: ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Invalid conversion in \f(CW%s:\fR ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Invalid conversion in %s: %s"
(W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See
\&\*(L"sprintf\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(W regexp) The numeric escape (for example \f(CW\*(C`\exHH\*(C'\fR) of value < 256
didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma.
The escape was replaced with \s-1REPLACEMENT\s0 \s-1CHARACTER\s0 (U+FFFD) instead.
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the
escape was discovered.
.IP "Invalid hexadecimal number in \eN{U+...}" 4
.IX Item "Invalid hexadecimal number in N{U+...}"
(F) The character constant represented by \f(CW\*(C`...\*(C'\fR is not a valid hexadecimal
number. Either it is empty, or you tried to use a character other than
0 \- 9 or A \- F, a \- f in a hexadecimal number.
.ie n .IP "Invalid module name %s with \-%c option: contains single ':'" 4
.el .IP "Invalid module name \f(CW%s\fR with \-%c option: contains single ':'" 4
.IX Item "Invalid module name %s with -%c option: contains single ':'"
(F) The module argument to perl's \fB\-m\fR and \fB\-M\fR command-line options
cannot contain single colons in the module name, but only in the
arguments after \*(L"=\*(R". In other words, \fB\-MFoo::Bar=:baz\fR is ok, but
\&\fB\-MFoo:Bar=baz\fR is not.
.IP "Invalid mro name: '%s'" 4
.IX Item "Invalid mro name: '%s'"
(F) You tried to \f(CW\*(C`mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`use mro \*(Aqfoo\*(Aq\*(C'\fR,
where \f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR is not a valid method resolution order (\s-1MRO\s0). Currently,
the only valid ones supported are \f(CW\*(C`dfs\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`c3\*(C'\fR, unless you have loaded
a module that is a \s-1MRO\s0 plugin. See mro and perlmroapi.
.IP "invalid option \-D%c, use \-D'' to see choices" 4
.IX Item "invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices"
(F) Perl was called with invalid debugger flags. Call perl with
the \fB\-D\fR option with no flags to see the list of acceptable values.
See also "\fB\-D\fR\fIletters\fR" in perlrun.
.ie n .IP "Invalid [] range ""%s"" in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.el .IP "Invalid [] range ``%s'' in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Invalid [] range %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the
\&\f(CW\*(C`{}\*(C'\fR from your ending \f(CW\*(C`\ex{}\*(C'\fR \- \f(CW\*(C`\ex\*(C'\fR without the curly braces can go only
up to \f(CW\*(C`ff\*(C'\fR. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the
problem was discovered. See perlre.
.ie n .IP "Invalid range ""%s"" in transliteration operator" 4
.el .IP "Invalid range ``%s'' in transliteration operator" 4
.IX Item "Invalid range %s in transliteration operator"
(F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
character greater than the maximum character. See perlop.
.ie n .IP "Invalid separator character %s in attribute list" 4
.el .IP "Invalid separator character \f(CW%s\fR in attribute list" 4
.IX Item "Invalid separator character %s in attribute list"
(F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
See attributes.
.ie n .IP "Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s" 4
.el .IP "Invalid separator character \f(CW%s\fR in PerlIO layer specification \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s"
(W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other
than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
list was terminated too soon.
.IP "Invalid strict version format (%s)" 4
.IX Item "Invalid strict version format (%s)"
(F) A version number did not meet the \*(L"strict\*(R" criteria for versions.
A \*(L"strict\*(R" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or
decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal
v\-string with a leading 'v' character and at least three components.
The parenthesized text indicates which criteria were not met.
See the version module for more details on allowed version formats.
.ie n .IP "Invalid type '%s' in %s" 4
.el .IP "Invalid type '%s' in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Invalid type '%s' in %s"
(F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.
See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.Sp
(W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be
silently ignored.
.IP "Invalid version format (%s)" 4
.IX Item "Invalid version format (%s)"
(F) A version number did not meet the \*(L"lax\*(R" criteria for versions.
A \*(L"lax\*(R" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or
decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal
v\-string. If the v\-string has fewer than three components, it
must have a leading 'v' character. Otherwise, the leading 'v' is
optional. Both decimal and dotted-decimal versions may have a
trailing \*(L"alpha\*(R" component separated by an underscore character
after a fractional or dotted-decimal component. The parenthesized
text indicates which criteria were not met. See the version module
for more details on allowed version formats.
.IP "Invalid version object" 4
.IX Item "Invalid version object"
(F) The internal structure of the version object was invalid.
Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or
an arbitrary reference was blessed into the \*(L"version\*(R" class.
.IP "ioctl is not implemented" 4
.IX Item "ioctl is not implemented"
(F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement \fIioctl()\fR, which is pretty
strange for a machine that supports C.
.ie n .IP "\fIioctl()\fR on unopened %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIioctl()\fR on unopened \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "ioctl() on unopened %s"
(W unopened) You tried \fIioctl()\fR on a filehandle that was never opened.
Check your control flow and number of arguments.
.IP "\s-1IO\s0 layers (like '%s') unavailable" 4
.IX Item "IO layers (like '%s') unavailable"
(F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
you cannot use \s-1IO\s0 layers. To have PerlIO, Perl must be configured
with 'useperlio'.
.IP "IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture" 4
.IX Item "IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture"
(F) Your machine doesn't implement the \fIsockatmark()\fR functionality,
neither as a system call nor an ioctl call (\s-1SIOCATMARK\s0).
.IP "$* is no longer supported" 4
.IX Item "$* is no longer supported"
(D deprecated, syntax) The special variable \f(CW$*\fR, deprecated in older
perls, has been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. In
previous versions of perl the use of \f(CW$*\fR enabled or disabled multi-line
matching within a string.
.Sp
Instead of using \f(CW$*\fR you should use the \f(CW\*(C`/m\*(C'\fR (and maybe \f(CW\*(C`/s\*(C'\fR) regexp
modifiers. You can enable \f(CW\*(C`/m\*(C'\fR for a lexical scope (even a whole file)
with \f(CW\*(C`use re \*(Aq/m\*(Aq\*(C'\fR. (In older versions: when \f(CW$*\fR was set to a true value
then all regular expressions behaved as if they were written using \f(CW\*(C`/m\*(C'\fR.)
.IP "$# is no longer supported" 4
.IX Item "$# is no longer supported"
(D deprecated, syntax) The special variable \f(CW$#\fR, deprecated in older
perls, has been removed as of 5.9.3 and is no longer supported. You
should use the printf/sprintf functions instead.
.IP "'%s' is not a code reference" 4
.IX Item "'%s' is not a code reference"
(W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of
overload::constant needs to be a code reference. Either
an anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine.
.IP "'%s' is not an overloadable type" 4
.IX Item "'%s' is not an overloadable type"
(W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is
unaware of.
.IP "junk on end of regexp" 4
.IX Item "junk on end of regexp"
(P) The regular expression parser is confused.
.ie n .IP "Label not found for ""last %s""" 4
.el .IP "Label not found for ``last \f(CW%s\fR''" 4
.IX Item "Label not found for last %s"
(F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop
of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
\&\*(L"last\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Label not found for ""next %s""" 4
.el .IP "Label not found for ``next \f(CW%s\fR''" 4
.IX Item "Label not found for next %s"
(F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
\&\*(L"last\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Label not found for ""redo %s""" 4
.el .IP "Label not found for ``redo \f(CW%s\fR''" 4
.IX Item "Label not found for redo %s"
(F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
\&\*(L"last\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "leaving effective %s failed" 4
.el .IP "leaving effective \f(CW%s\fR failed" 4
.IX Item "leaving effective %s failed"
(F) While under the \f(CW\*(C`use filetest\*(C'\fR pragma, switching the real and
effective uids or gids failed.
.IP "length/code after end of string in unpack" 4
.IX Item "length/code after end of string in unpack"
(F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack
length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in
an undefined value for the length. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "\fIlength()\fR used on %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIlength()\fR used on \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "length() used on %s"
(W syntax) You used \fIlength()\fR on either an array or a hash when you
probably wanted a count of the items.
.Sp
Array size can be obtained by doing:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& scalar(@array);
.Ve
.Sp
The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& scalar(keys %hash);
.Ve
.IP "Lexing code attempted to stuff non\-Latin\-1 character into Latin\-1 input" 4
.IX Item "Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input"
(F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current parse
(using lex_stuff_pvn or similar), but tried to insert a character that
couldn't be part of the current input. This is an inherent pitfall
of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the reasons to avoid it. Where
it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only plain \s-1ASCII\s0 is recommended.
.IP "Lexing code internal error (%s)" 4
.IX Item "Lexing code internal error (%s)"
(F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's \s-1API\s0 in a
detectable way.
.ie n .IP "\fIlisten()\fR on closed socket %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIlisten()\fR on closed socket \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "listen() on closed socket %s"
(W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget
to check the return value of your \fIsocket()\fR call? See
\&\*(L"listen\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "List form of piped open not implemented" 4
.IX Item "List form of piped open not implemented"
(F) On some platforms, notably Windows, the three-or-more-arguments
form of \f(CW\*(C`open\*(C'\fR does not support pipes, such as \f(CW\*(C`open($pipe, \*(Aq|\-\*(Aq, @args)\*(C'\fR.
Use the two-argument \f(CW\*(C`open($pipe, \*(Aq|prog arg1 arg2...\*(Aq)\*(C'\fR form instead.
.IP "localtime(%f) too large" 4
.IX Item "localtime(%f) too large"
(W overflow) You called \f(CW\*(C`localtime\*(C'\fR with a number that was larger
than it can reliably handle and \f(CW\*(C`localtime\*(C'\fR probably returned the
wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
not-a-number value).
.IP "localtime(%f) too small" 4
.IX Item "localtime(%f) too small"
(W overflow) You called \f(CW\*(C`localtime\*(C'\fR with a number that was smaller
than it can reliably handle and \f(CW\*(C`localtime\*(C'\fR probably returned the
wrong date.
.ie n .IP "Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/" 4
.el .IP "Lookbehind longer than \f(CW%d\fR not implemented in regex m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/"
(F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release.
.ie n .IP "Lost precision when %s %f by 1" 4
.el .IP "Lost precision when \f(CW%s\fR \f(CW%f\fR by 1" 4
.IX Item "Lost precision when %s %f by 1"
(W) The value you attempted to increment or decrement by one is too large
for the underlying floating point representation to store accurately,
hence the target of \f(CW\*(C`++\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\-\-\*(C'\fR is unchanged. Perl issues this warning
because it has already switched from integers to floating point when values
are too large for integers, and now even floating point is insufficient.
You may wish to switch to using Math::BigInt explicitly.
.IP "\fIlstat()\fR on filehandle%s" 4
.IX Item "lstat() on filehandle%s"
(W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
by that? \fIlstat()\fR makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a \fIfstat()\fR
instead on the filehandle.)
.ie n .IP "lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine" 4
.el .IP "lvalue attribute \f(CW%s\fR already-defined subroutine" 4
.IX Item "lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine"
(W misc) Although attributes.pm allows this, turning the lvalue
attribute on or off on a Perl subroutine that is already defined
does not always work properly. It may or may not do what you
want, depending on what code is inside the subroutine, with exact
details subject to change between Perl versions. Only do this
if you really know what you are doing.
.IP "lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined" 4
.IX Item "lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined"
(W misc) Using the \f(CW\*(C`:lvalue\*(C'\fR declarative syntax to make a Perl
subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined is
not permitted. To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine,
add the lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the \f(CW\*(C`sub
foo :lvalue;\*(C'\fR declaration before the definition.
.Sp
See also attributes.pm.
.IP "Malformed integer in [] in pack" 4
.IX Item "Malformed integer in [] in pack"
(F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
are permitted. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Malformed integer in [] in unpack" 4
.IX Item "Malformed integer in [] in unpack"
(F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
are permitted. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Malformed \s-1PERLLIB_PREFIX\s0" 4
.IX Item "Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1OS/2\s0. \s-1PERLLIB_PREFIX\s0 should be of the form
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& prefix1;prefix2
.Ve
.Sp
or
prefix1 prefix2
.Sp
with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If \f(CW\*(C`prefix1\*(C'\fR is indeed a prefix of
a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may
appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
\&\*(L"\s-1PERLLIB_PREFIX\s0\*(R" in perlos2.
.ie n .IP "Malformed prototype for %s: %s" 4
.el .IP "Malformed prototype for \f(CW%s:\fR \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Malformed prototype for %s: %s"
(F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for
obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run
when the function is called.
.IP "Malformed \s-1UTF\-8\s0 character (%s)" 4
.IX Item "Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)"
(S utf8)(F) Perl detected a string that didn't comply with \s-1UTF\-8\s0
encoding rules, even though it had the \s-1UTF8\s0 flag on.
.Sp
One possible cause is that you set the \s-1UTF8\s0 flag yourself for data that
you thought to be in \s-1UTF\-8\s0 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy
8\-bit data). To guard against this, you can use Encode::decode_utf8.
.Sp
If you use the \f(CW\*(C`:encoding(UTF\-8)\*(C'\fR PerlIO layer for input, invalid byte
sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use \f(CW\*(C`:utf8\*(C'\fR, the flag is
set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this error
message.
.Sp
See also \*(L"Handling Malformed Data\*(R" in Encode.
.IP "Malformed \s-1UTF\-8\s0 returned by \eN" 4
.IX Item "Malformed UTF-8 returned by N"
(F) The charnames handler returned malformed \s-1UTF\-8\s0.
.IP "Malformed \s-1UTF\-8\s0 string in '%c' format in unpack" 4
.IX Item "Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack"
(F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoding
rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
.IP "Malformed \s-1UTF\-8\s0 string in pack" 4
.IX Item "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack"
(F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoding
rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
.IP "Malformed \s-1UTF\-8\s0 string in unpack" 4
.IX Item "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack"
(F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoding
rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
.IP "Malformed \s-1UTF\-16\s0 surrogate" 4
.IX Item "Malformed UTF-16 surrogate"
(F) Perl thought it was reading \s-1UTF\-16\s0 encoded character data but while
doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
.ie n .IP "%s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR matches null string many times in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "%s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0
shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
See perlre.
.IP "Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded" 4
.IX Item "Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded"
(F) Perl aborted due to too high a number of signals pending. This
usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver signals
too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl process from
resources it would need to reach a point where it can process signals
safely. (See \*(L"Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)\*(R" in perlipc.)
.ie n .IP """%s"" may clash with future reserved word" 4
.el .IP "``%s'' may clash with future reserved word" 4
.IX Item "%s may clash with future reserved word"
(W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4
interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is
\&\*(L"use\*(R" or \*(L"my\*(R".
.IP "'%' may not be used in pack" 4
.IX Item "'%' may not be used in pack"
(F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.
See \*(L"unpack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing" 4
.el .IP "Method for operation \f(CW%s\fR not found in package \f(CW%s\fR during blessing" 4
.IX Item "Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing"
(F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See overload.
.ie n .IP "Method %s not permitted" 4
.el .IP "Method \f(CW%s\fR not permitted" 4
.IX Item "Method %s not permitted"
See Server error.
.ie n .IP "Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d" 4
.el .IP "Might be a runaway multi-line \f(CW%s\fR string starting on line \f(CW%d\fR" 4
.IX Item "Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d"
(S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
ended earlier on the current line.
.IP "Misplaced _ in number" 4
.IX Item "Misplaced _ in number"
(W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
separate two digits.
.ie n .IP "Missing argument in %s" 4
.el .IP "Missing argument in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Missing argument in %s"
(W uninitialized) A printf-type format required more arguments than were
supplied.
.IP "Missing argument to \-%c" 4
.IX Item "Missing argument to -%c"
(F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
.IP "Missing braces on \eN{}" 4
.IX Item "Missing braces on N{}"
(F) Wrong syntax of character name literal \f(CW\*(C`\eN{charname}\*(C'\fR within
double-quotish context. This can also happen when there is a space
(or comment) between the \f(CW\*(C`\eN\*(C'\fR and the \f(CW\*(C`{\*(C'\fR in a regex with the \f(CW\*(C`/x\*(C'\fR modifier.
This modifier does not change the requirement that the brace immediately
follow the \f(CW\*(C`\eN\*(C'\fR.
.IP "Missing braces on \eo{}" 4
.IX Item "Missing braces on o{}"
(F) A \f(CW\*(C`\eo\*(C'\fR must be followed immediately by a \f(CW\*(C`{\*(C'\fR in double-quotish context.
.ie n .IP "Missing comma after first argument to %s function" 4
.el .IP "Missing comma after first argument to \f(CW%s\fR function" 4
.IX Item "Missing comma after first argument to %s function"
(F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
\&\*(L"indirect object\*(R" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
.IP "Missing command in piped open" 4
.IX Item "Missing command in piped open"
(W pipe) You used the \f(CW\*(C`open(FH, "| command")\*(C'\fR or
\&\f(CW\*(C`open(FH, "command |")\*(C'\fR construction, but the command was missing or
blank.
.IP "Missing control char name in \ec" 4
.IX Item "Missing control char name in c"
(F) A double-quoted string ended with \*(L"\ec\*(R", without the required control
character name.
.ie n .IP "Missing name in ""my sub""" 4
.el .IP "Missing name in ``my sub''" 4
.IX Item "Missing name in my sub"
(F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that
they have a name with which they can be found.
.IP "Missing $ on loop variable" 4
.IX Item "Missing $ on loop variable"
(F) Apparently you've been programming in \fBcsh\fR too much. Variables
are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it
can vary from one line to the next.
.ie n .IP "(Missing operator before %s?)" 4
.el .IP "(Missing operator before \f(CW%s\fR?)" 4
.IX Item "(Missing operator before %s?)"
(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
\&\*(L"%s found where operator expected\*(R". Often the missing operator is a comma.
.ie n .IP "Missing right brace on %s" 4
.el .IP "Missing right brace on \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Missing right brace on %s"
(F) Missing right brace in \f(CW\*(C`\ex{...}\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\ep{...}\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\eP{...}\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`\eN{...}\*(C'\fR.
.IP "Missing right brace on \eN{} or unescaped left brace after \eN" 4
.IX Item "Missing right brace on N{} or unescaped left brace after N"
(F) \f(CW\*(C`\eN\*(C'\fR has two meanings.
.Sp
The traditional one has it followed by a name enclosed in braces,
meaning the character (or sequence of characters) given by that
name. Thus \f(CW\*(C`\eN{ASTERISK}\*(C'\fR is another way of writing \f(CW\*(C`*\*(C'\fR, valid in both
double-quoted strings and regular expression patterns. In patterns,
it doesn't have the meaning an unescaped \f(CW\*(C`*\*(C'\fR does.
.Sp
Starting in Perl 5.12.0, \f(CW\*(C`\eN\*(C'\fR also can have an additional meaning (only)
in patterns, namely to match a non-newline character. (This is short
for \f(CW\*(C`[^\en]\*(C'\fR, and like \f(CW\*(C`.\*(C'\fR but is not affected by the \f(CW\*(C`/s\*(C'\fR regex modifier.)
.Sp
This can lead to some ambiguities. When \f(CW\*(C`\eN\*(C'\fR is not followed immediately
by a left brace, Perl assumes the \f(CW\*(C`[^\en]\*(C'\fR meaning. Also, if the braces
form a valid quantifier such as \f(CW\*(C`\eN{3}\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\eN{5,}\*(C'\fR, Perl assumes that this
means to match the given quantity of non-newlines (in these examples,
3; and 5 or more, respectively). In all other case, where there is a
\&\f(CW\*(C`\eN{\*(C'\fR and a matching \f(CW\*(C`}\*(C'\fR, Perl assumes that a character name is desired.
.Sp
However, if there is no matching \f(CW\*(C`}\*(C'\fR, Perl doesn't know if it was
mistakenly omitted, or if \f(CW\*(C`[^\en]{\*(C'\fR was desired, and raises this error.
If you meant the former, add the right brace; if you meant the latter,
escape the brace with a backslash, like so: \f(CW\*(C`\eN\e{\*(C'\fR
.IP "Missing right curly or square bracket" 4
.IX Item "Missing right curly or square bracket"
(F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing
ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you
were last editing.
.IP "(Missing semicolon on previous line?)" 4
.IX Item "(Missing semicolon on previous line?)"
(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
\&\*(L"%s found where operator expected\*(R". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
the previous line just because you saw this message.
.IP "Modification of a read-only value attempted" 4
.IX Item "Modification of a read-only value attempted"
(F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
constant. You didn't, of course, try \*(L"2 = 1\*(R", because the compiler
catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
\& mod(2);
.Ve
.Sp
Another way is to assign to a \fIsubstr()\fR that's off the end of the string.
.Sp
Yet another way is to assign to a \f(CW\*(C`foreach\*(C'\fR loop \fI\s-1VAR\s0\fR when \fI\s-1VAR\s0\fR
is aliased to a constant in the look \fI\s-1LIST\s0\fR:
.Sp
.Vb 4
\& $x = 1;
\& foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
\& $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to
\& } # modify the 2
.Ve
.ie n .IP "Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s" 4
.el .IP "Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s"
(F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
backwards.
.ie n .IP "Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s" 4
.el .IP "Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s"
(P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
.IP "Module name must be constant" 4
.IX Item "Module name must be constant"
(F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a \*(L"use\*(R".
.IP "Module name required with \-%c option" 4
.IX Item "Module name required with -%c option"
(F) The \f(CW\*(C`\-M\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\-m\*(C'\fR options say that Perl should load some module, but
you omitted the name of the module. Consult perlrun for full details
about \f(CW\*(C`\-M\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\-m\*(C'\fR.
.IP "More than one argument to '%s' open" 4
.IX Item "More than one argument to '%s' open"
(F) The \f(CW\*(C`open\*(C'\fR function has been asked to open multiple files. This
can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a
list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode.
See \*(L"open\*(R" in perlfunc for details.
.IP "msg%s not implemented" 4
.IX Item "msg%s not implemented"
(F) You don't have System V message \s-1IPC\s0 on your system.
.ie n .IP "Multidimensional syntax %s not supported" 4
.el .IP "Multidimensional syntax \f(CW%s\fR not supported" 4
.IX Item "Multidimensional syntax %s not supported"
(W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like \f(CW$foo[1,2,3]\fR.
They're written like \f(CW$foo[1][2][3]\fR, as in C.
.IP "'/' must follow a numeric type in unpack" 4
.IX Item "'/' must follow a numeric type in unpack"
(F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not
follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP """my sub"" not yet implemented" 4
.el .IP "``my sub'' not yet implemented" 4
.IX Item "my sub not yet implemented"
(F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try
that yet.
.ie n .IP """my"" variable %s can't be in a package" 4
.el .IP "``my'' variable \f(CW%s\fR can't be in a package" 4
.IX Item "my variable %s can't be in a package"
(F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use
\&\fIlocal()\fR if you want to localize a package variable.
.ie n .IP "Name ""%s::%s"" used only once: possible typo" 4
.el .IP "Name ``%s::%s'' used only once: possible typo" 4
.IX Item "Name %s::%s used only once: possible typo"
(W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it
again somehow to suppress the message. The \f(CW\*(C`our\*(C'\fR declaration is
provided for this purpose.
.Sp
\&\s-1NOTE:\s0 This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so \f(CW$c\fR, \f(CW@c\fR,
\&\f(CW%c\fR, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered
the same; if a program uses \f(CW$c\fR only once but also uses any of the others it
will not trigger this warning.
.IP "\eN in a character class must be a named character: \eN{...}" 4
.IX Item "N in a character class must be a named character: N{...}"
(F) The new (5.12) meaning of \f(CW\*(C`\eN\*(C'\fR as \f(CW\*(C`[^\en]\*(C'\fR is not valid in a bracketed
character class, for the same reason that \f(CW\*(C`.\*(C'\fR in a character class loses
its specialness: it matches almost everything, which is probably not
what you want.
.IP "\eN{\s-1NAME\s0} must be resolved by the lexer" 4
.IX Item "N{NAME} must be resolved by the lexer"
(F) When compiling a regex pattern, an unresolved named character or
sequence was encountered. This can happen in any of several ways that
bypass the lexer, such as using single-quotish context, or an extra
backslash in double-quotish:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& $re = \*(Aq\eN{SPACE}\*(Aq; # Wrong!
\& $re = "\e\eN{SPACE}"; # Wrong!
\& /$re/;
.Ve
.Sp
Instead, use double-quotes with a single backslash:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& $re = "\eN{SPACE}"; # ok
\& /$re/;
.Ve
.Sp
The lexer can be bypassed as well by creating the pattern from smaller
components:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& $re = \*(Aq\eN\*(Aq;
\& /${re}{SPACE}/; # Wrong!
.Ve
.Sp
It's not a good idea to split a construct in the middle like this, and it
doesn't work here. Instead use the solution above.
.Sp
Finally, the message also can happen under the \f(CW\*(C`/x\*(C'\fR regex modifier when the
\&\f(CW\*(C`\eN\*(C'\fR is separated by spaces from the \f(CW\*(C`{\*(C'\fR, in which case, remove the spaces.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& /\eN {SPACE}/x; # Wrong!
\& /\eN{SPACE}/x; # ok
.Ve
.IP "Negative '/' count in unpack" 4
.IX Item "Negative '/' count in unpack"
(F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was
negative. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Negative length" 4
.IX Item "Negative length"
(F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
.IP "Negative offset to vec in lvalue context" 4
.IX Item "Negative offset to vec in lvalue context"
(F) When \f(CW\*(C`vec\*(C'\fR is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be
greater than or equal to zero.
.IP "Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses.
So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the
regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
.Sp
Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, \f(CW\*(C`*?\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`+?\*(C'\fR, and
\&\f(CW\*(C`??\*(C'\fR appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See perlre.
.ie n .IP "%s never introduced" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR never introduced" 4
.IX Item "%s never introduced"
(S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of
scope before it could possibly have been used.
.IP "next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method" 4
.IX Item "next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method"
(F) \f(CW\*(C`next::method\*(C'\fR needs to be called within the context of a
real method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
See mro.
.ie n .IP "No %s allowed while running setuid" 4
.el .IP "No \f(CW%s\fR allowed while running setuid" 4
.IX Item "No %s allowed while running setuid"
(F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or
setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there
will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
securable. See perlsec.
.IP "No code specified for \-%c" 4
.IX Item "No code specified for -%c"
(F) Perl's \fB\-e\fR and \fB\-E\fR command-line options require an argument. If
you want to run an empty program, pass the empty string as a separate
argument or run a program consisting of a single 0 or 1:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& perl \-e ""
\& perl \-e0
\& perl \-e1
.Ve
.ie n .IP "No comma allowed after %s" 4
.el .IP "No comma allowed after \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "No comma allowed after %s"
(F) A list operator that has a filehandle or \*(L"indirect object\*(R" is
not allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
.Sp
One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported
a constant to your name space with \fBuse\fR or \fBimport\fR while no such
importing took place, it may for example be that your operating
system does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did
use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to see;
please see \*(L"use\*(R" in perlfunc and \*(L"import\*(R" in perlfunc. While an
explicit import list would probably have caught this error earlier
it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating system
still does not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo in
the constants of the symbol import list of \fBuse\fR or \fBimport\fR or in the
constant name at the line where this error was triggered?
.IP "No command into which to pipe on command line" 4
.IX Item "No command into which to pipe on command line"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl handles its own command line
redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
.IP "No \s-1DB::DB\s0 routine defined" 4
.IX Item "No DB::DB routine defined"
(F) The currently executing code was compiled with the \fB\-d\fR switch, but
for some reason the current debugger (e.g. \fIperl5db.pl\fR or a \f(CW\*(C`Devel::\*(C'\fR
module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each
statement.
.IP "No dbm on this machine" 4
.IX Item "No dbm on this machine"
(P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with \s-1SDBM\s0. See SDBM_File.
.IP "No DB::sub routine defined" 4
.IX Item "No DB::sub routine defined"
(F) The currently executing code was compiled with the \fB\-d\fR switch, but
for some reason the current debugger (e.g. \fIperl5db.pl\fR or a \f(CW\*(C`Devel::\*(C'\fR
module) didn't define a \f(CW\*(C`DB::sub\*(C'\fR routine to be called at the beginning
of each ordinary subroutine call.
.IP "No directory specified for \-I" 4
.IX Item "No directory specified for -I"
(F) The \fB\-I\fR command-line switch requires a directory name as part of the
\&\fIsame\fR argument. Use \fB\-Ilib\fR, for instance. \fB\-I lib\fR won't work.
.IP "No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line" 4
.IX Item "No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl handles its own command line
redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't
find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
.IP "No group ending character '%c' found in template" 4
.IX Item "No group ending character '%c' found in template"
(F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
matching counterpart. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "No input file after < on command line" 4
.IX Item "No input file after < on command line"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl handles its own command line
redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the
name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
.ie n .IP "No next::method '%s' found for %s" 4
.el .IP "No next::method '%s' found for \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "No next::method '%s' found for %s"
(F) \f(CW\*(C`next::method\*(C'\fR found no further instances of this method name
in the remaining packages of the \s-1MRO\s0 of this class. If you don't want
it throwing an exception, use \f(CW\*(C`maybe::next::method\*(C'\fR
or \f(CW\*(C`next::can\*(C'\fR. See mro.
.ie n .IP """no"" not allowed in expression" 4
.el .IP "``no'' not allowed in expression" 4
.IX Item "no not allowed in expression"
(F) The \*(L"no\*(R" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
returns no useful value. See perlmod.
.IP "No output file after > on command line" 4
.IX Item "No output file after > on command line"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl handles its own command line
redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it
doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
.IP "No output file after > or >> on command line" 4
.IX Item "No output file after > or >> on command line"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl handles its own command line
redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't
find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
.ie n .IP "No package name allowed for variable %s in ""our""" 4
.el .IP "No package name allowed for variable \f(CW%s\fR in ``our''" 4
.IX Item "No package name allowed for variable %s in our"
(F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in \*(L"our\*(R"
declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing
semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
.IP "No Perl script found in input" 4
.IX Item "No Perl script found in input"
(F) You called \f(CW\*(C`perl \-x\*(C'\fR, but no line was found in the file beginning
with #! and containing the word \*(L"perl\*(R".
.IP "No setregid available" 4
.IX Item "No setregid available"
(F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the \fIsetregid()\fR call for
your system.
.IP "No setreuid available" 4
.IX Item "No setreuid available"
(F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the \fIsetreuid()\fR call for
your system.
.ie n .IP "No such class field ""%s"" in variable %s of type %s" 4
.el .IP "No such class field ``%s'' in variable \f(CW%s\fR of type \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "No such class field %s in variable %s of type %s"
(F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed
variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type.
The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the
fields pragma.
.ie n .IP "No such class %s" 4
.el .IP "No such class \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "No such class %s"
(F) You provided a class qualifier in a \*(L"my\*(R", \*(L"our\*(R" or \*(L"state\*(R"
declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your program.
.ie n .IP "No such hook: %s" 4
.el .IP "No such hook: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "No such hook: %s"
(F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl.
Currently, Perl accepts \f(CW\*(C`_\|_DIE_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_WARN_\|_\*(C'\fR as valid signal hooks.
.IP "No such pipe open" 4
.IX Item "No such pipe open"
(P) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. The internal routine \fImy_pclose()\fR tried to
close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught
earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
.IP "No such signal: SIG%s" 4
.IX Item "No such signal: SIG%s"
(W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to \f(CW%SIG\fR that was
not recognized. Say \f(CW\*(C`kill \-l\*(C'\fR in your shell to see the valid signal
names on your system.
.IP "Not a \s-1CODE\s0 reference" 4
.IX Item "Not a CODE reference"
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
use the \fIref()\fR function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
also perlref.
.IP "Not a format reference" 4
.IX Item "Not a format reference"
(F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous
format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.
.IP "Not a \s-1GLOB\s0 reference" 4
.IX Item "Not a GLOB reference"
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a \*(L"typeglob\*(R" (that is, a
symbol table entry that looks like \f(CW*foo\fR), but found a reference to
something else instead. You can use the \fIref()\fR function to find out what
kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
.IP "Not a \s-1HASH\s0 reference" 4
.IX Item "Not a HASH reference"
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a
reference to something else instead. You can use the \fIref()\fR function to
find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
.IP "Not an \s-1ARRAY\s0 reference" 4
.IX Item "Not an ARRAY reference"
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found
a reference to something else instead. You can use the \fIref()\fR function
to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
.IP "Not an unblessed \s-1ARRAY\s0 reference" 4
.IX Item "Not an unblessed ARRAY reference"
(F) You passed a reference to a blessed array to \f(CW\*(C`push\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`shift\*(C'\fR or
another array function. These only accept unblessed array references
or arrays beginning explicitly with \f(CW\*(C`@\*(C'\fR.
.IP "Not a \s-1SCALAR\s0 reference" 4
.IX Item "Not a SCALAR reference"
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found
a reference to something else instead. You can use the \fIref()\fR function
to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
.IP "Not a subroutine reference" 4
.IX Item "Not a subroutine reference"
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
use the \fIref()\fR function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
also perlref.
.IP "Not a subroutine reference in overload table" 4
.IX Item "Not a subroutine reference in overload table"
(F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See overload.
.ie n .IP "Not enough arguments for %s" 4
.el .IP "Not enough arguments for \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Not enough arguments for %s"
(F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
.IP "Not enough format arguments" 4
.IX Item "Not enough format arguments"
(W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line
supplied. See perlform.
.ie n .IP "%s: not found" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s:\fR not found" 4
.IX Item "%s: not found"
(A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
yourself.
.IP "no \s-1UTC\s0 offset information; assuming local time is \s-1UTC\s0" 4
.IX Item "no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC"
(S) A warning peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl was unable to find the local
timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
to \s-1UTC\s0. If it's not, define the logical name
\&\fI\s-1SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL\s0\fR to translate to the number of seconds which
need to be added to \s-1UTC\s0 to get local time.
.ie n .IP "Non-octal character '%c'. Resolved as ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Non-octal character '%c'. Resolved as ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Non-octal character '%c'. Resolved as %s"
(W digit) In parsing an octal numeric constant, a character was
unexpectedly encountered that isn't octal. The resulting value
is as indicated.
.IP "Non-string passed as bitmask" 4
.IX Item "Non-string passed as bitmask"
(W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to \fIselect()\fR.
Use the \fIvec()\fR function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for
select. See \*(L"select\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Null filename used" 4
.IX Item "Null filename used"
(F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
machines that means the current directory! See \*(L"require\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "\s-1NULL\s0 \s-1OP\s0 \s-1IN\s0 \s-1RUN\s0" 4
.IX Item "NULL OP IN RUN"
(S debugging) Some internal routine called \fIrun()\fR with a null opcode
pointer.
.IP "Null picture in formline" 4
.IX Item "Null picture in formline"
(F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
supplied it an uninitialized value. See perlform.
.IP "Null realloc" 4
.IX Item "Null realloc"
(P) An attempt was made to realloc \s-1NULL\s0.
.IP "\s-1NULL\s0 regexp argument" 4
.IX Item "NULL regexp argument"
(P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
.IP "\s-1NULL\s0 regexp parameter" 4
.IX Item "NULL regexp parameter"
(P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
.IP "Number too long" 4
.IX Item "Number too long"
(F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to
about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In
the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. \*(L"1e6\*(R" instead of
\&\*(L"1_000_000\*(R").
.IP "Number with no digits" 4
.IX Item "Number with no digits"
(F) Perl was looking for a number but found nothing that looked like
a number. This happens, for example with \f(CW\*(C`\eo{}\*(C'\fR, with no number between
the braces.
.IP "Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable" 4
.IX Item "Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable"
(W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32\-1
(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
perlport for more on portability concerns.
.IP "Odd number of arguments for overload::constant" 4
.IX Item "Odd number of arguments for overload::constant"
(W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of
arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
.IP "Odd number of elements in anonymous hash" 4
.IX Item "Odd number of elements in anonymous hash"
(W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
.IP "Odd number of elements in hash assignment" 4
.IX Item "Odd number of elements in hash assignment"
(W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
.IP "Offset outside string" 4
.IX Item "Offset outside string"
(F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
take place when going past the end of the string when either
\&\f(CW\*(C`sysread()\*(C'\fRing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar opened
for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the behaviour
with real files).
.ie n .IP "%s() on unopened %s" 4
.el .IP "%s() on unopened \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "%s() on unopened %s"
(W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
never initialized. You need to do an \fIopen()\fR, a \fIsysopen()\fR, or a \fIsocket()\fR
call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
.ie n .IP "\-%s on unopened filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\-%s on unopened filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "-%s on unopened filehandle %s"
(W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also \*(L"\-X\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "oops: oopsAV" 4
.IX Item "oops: oopsAV"
(S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
.IP "oops: oopsHV" 4
.IX Item "oops: oopsHV"
(S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
.ie n .IP "Opening dirhandle %s also as a file" 4
.el .IP "Opening dirhandle \f(CW%s\fR also as a file" 4
.IX Item "Opening dirhandle %s also as a file"
(W io, deprecated) You used \fIopen()\fR to associate a filehandle to
a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle.
Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing
and is deprecated.
.ie n .IP "Opening filehandle %s also as a directory" 4
.el .IP "Opening filehandle \f(CW%s\fR also as a directory" 4
.IX Item "Opening filehandle %s also as a directory"
(W io, deprecated) You used \fIopendir()\fR to associate a dirhandle to
a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle.
Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing
and is deprecated.
.ie n .IP "Operation ""%s"": no method found, %s" 4
.el .IP "Operation ``%s'': no method found, \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Operation %s: no method found, %s"
(F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no
handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms
of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless
the \f(CW\*(C`fallback\*(C'\fR overloading key is specified to be true. See overload.
.ie n .IP "Operation ""%s"" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X" 4
.el .IP "Operation ``%s'' returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X" 4
.IX Item "Operation %s returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X"
(W utf8, non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode
semantics on a code point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do
is not defined. Perl has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you.
.Sp
If the operation shown is \*(L"ToFold\*(R", it means that case-insensitive
matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
.Sp
If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by
\&\f(CW\*(C`no warnings \*(Aqnon_unicode\*(Aq;\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "Operation ""%s"" returns its argument for \s-1UTF\-16\s0 surrogate U+%X" 4
.el .IP "Operation ``%s'' returns its argument for \s-1UTF\-16\s0 surrogate U+%X" 4
.IX Item "Operation %s returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X"
(W utf8, surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode
semantics on a Unicode surrogate. Unicode frowns upon the use of
surrogates for anything but storing strings in \s-1UTF\-16\s0, but semantics
are (reluctantly) defined for the surrogates, and they are to do
nothing for this operation. Because the use of surrogates can be
dangerous, Perl warns.
.Sp
If the operation shown is \*(L"ToFold\*(R", it means that case-insensitive
matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
.Sp
If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by
\&\f(CW\*(C`no warnings \*(Aqsurrogate\*(Aq;\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "Operator or semicolon missing before %s" 4
.el .IP "Operator or semicolon missing before \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Operator or semicolon missing before %s"
(S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser
was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to
use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For
example, if you say \*(L"*foo *foo\*(R" it will be interpreted as if you said
\&\*(L"*foo * 'foo'\*(R".
.ie n .IP """our"" variable %s redeclared" 4
.el .IP "``our'' variable \f(CW%s\fR redeclared" 4
.IX Item "our variable %s redeclared"
(W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before
in the current lexical scope.
.IP "Out of memory!" 4
.IX Item "Out of memory!"
(X) The \fImalloc()\fR function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has
no option but to exit immediately.
.Sp
At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your
process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use \f(CW\*(C`limit\*(C'\fR and
\&\f(CW\*(C`limit datasize n\*(C'\fR (where \f(CW\*(C`n\*(C'\fR is the number of kilobytes) to check
the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use \f(CW\*(C`ulimit \-a\*(C'\fR
and \f(CW\*(C`ulimit \-d n\*(C'\fR, respectively.
.ie n .IP "Out of memory during %s extend" 4
.el .IP "Out of memory during \f(CW%s\fR extend" 4
.IX Item "Out of memory during %s extend"
(X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond
the largest possible memory allocation.
.ie n .IP "Out of memory during ""large"" request for %s" 4
.el .IP "Out of memory during ``large'' request for \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Out of memory during large request for %s"
(F) The \fImalloc()\fR function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a
possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
.ie n .IP "Out of memory during request for %s" 4
.el .IP "Out of memory during request for \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Out of memory during request for %s"
(X)(F) The \fImalloc()\fR function returned 0, indicating there was
insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
request.
.Sp
The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of \f(CW$^M\fR as an
emergency pool after \fIdie()\fRing with this message. In this case the error
is trappable \fIonce\fR, and the error message will include the line and file
where the failed request happened.
.IP "Out of memory during ridiculously large request" 4
.IX Item "Out of memory during ridiculously large request"
(F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+\*(L"small amount\*(R" bytes. This error
is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g.,
\&\f(CW$arr[time]\fR instead of \f(CW$arr[$time]\fR.
.IP "Out of memory for yacc stack" 4
.IX Item "Out of memory for yacc stack"
(F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
parsing, but \fIrealloc()\fR wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
otherwise.
.IP "'.' outside of string in pack" 4
.IX Item "'.' outside of string in pack"
(F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the working
position to before the start of the packed string being built.
.IP "'@' outside of string in unpack" 4
.IX Item "'@' outside of string in unpack"
(F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
the string being unpacked. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "'@' outside of string with malformed \s-1UTF\-8\s0 in unpack" 4
.IX Item "'@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack"
(F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid
\&\s-1UTF\-8\s0. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "overload arg '%s' is invalid" 4
.IX Item "overload arg '%s' is invalid"
(W overload) The overload pragma was passed an argument it did not
recognize. Did you mistype an operator?
.IP "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference" 4
.IX Item "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference"
(F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was dereferenced,
but the overloaded operation did not return a reference. See
overload.
.IP "Overloaded qr did not return a \s-1REGEXP\s0" 4
.IX Item "Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP"
(F) An object with a \f(CW\*(C`qr\*(C'\fR overload was used as part of a match, but the
overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See overload.
.ie n .IP "%s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR package attribute may clash with future reserved word: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "%s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s"
(W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself
some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a
mixed-case attribute name, instead. See attributes.
.IP "pack/unpack repeat count overflow" 4
.IX Item "pack/unpack repeat count overflow"
(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
signed integers. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "page overflow" 4
.IX Item "page overflow"
(W io) A single call to \fIwrite()\fR produced more lines than can fit on a
page. See perlform.
.ie n .IP "panic: %s" 4
.el .IP "panic: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: %s"
(P) An internal error.
.ie n .IP "panic: attempt to call %s in %s" 4
.el .IP "panic: attempt to call \f(CW%s\fR in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: attempt to call %s in %s"
(P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
an \s-1ACL\s0 related-function, but that function is not available on this
platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
enter this branch on this platform.
.IP "panic: ck_grep, type=%u" 4
.IX Item "panic: ck_grep, type=%u"
(P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
.IP "panic: ck_split, type=%u" 4
.IX Item "panic: ck_split, type=%u"
(P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
.ie n .IP "panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld" 4
.el .IP "panic: corrupt saved stack index \f(CW%ld\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld"
(P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than
there are in the savestack.
.IP "panic: del_backref" 4
.IX Item "panic: del_backref"
(P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
reference.
.ie n .IP "panic: die %s" 4
.el .IP "panic: die \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: die %s"
(P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
it wasn't an eval context.
.IP "panic: do_subst" 4
.IX Item "panic: do_subst"
(P) The internal \fIpp_subst()\fR routine was called with invalid operational
data.
.IP "panic: do_trans_%s" 4
.IX Item "panic: do_trans_%s"
(P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational
data.
.ie n .IP "panic: fold_constants \s-1JMPENV_PUSH\s0 returned %d" 4
.el .IP "panic: fold_constants \s-1JMPENV_PUSH\s0 returned \f(CW%d\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d"
(P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an \f(CW\*(C`eval\*(C'\fR
failure was caught.
.IP "panic: frexp" 4
.IX Item "panic: frexp"
(P) The library function \fIfrexp()\fR failed, making printf(\*(L"%f\*(R") impossible.
.IP "panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld" 4
.IX Item "panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld"
(P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
.IP "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer" 4
.IX Item "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer"
(P) The internal routine used to clear a typeglob's entries tried
repeatedly, but each time something re-created entries in the glob.
Most likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to
the glob and a destructor that adds a new object to the glob.
.ie n .IP "panic: \s-1INTERPCASEMOD\s0, %s" 4
.el .IP "panic: \s-1INTERPCASEMOD\s0, \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: INTERPCASEMOD, %s"
(P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
.ie n .IP "panic: \s-1INTERPCONCAT\s0, %s" 4
.el .IP "panic: \s-1INTERPCONCAT\s0, \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: INTERPCONCAT, %s"
(P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
.IP "panic: kid popen errno read" 4
.IX Item "panic: kid popen errno read"
(F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno.
.IP "panic: last, type=%u" 4
.IX Item "panic: last, type=%u"
(P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
it wasn't a block context.
.IP "panic: leave_scope clearsv" 4
.IX Item "panic: leave_scope clearsv"
(P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
scope.
.ie n .IP "panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u" 4
.el .IP "panic: leave_scope inconsistency \f(CW%u\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u"
(P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
invalid enum on the top of it.
.IP "panic: magic_killbackrefs" 4
.IX Item "panic: magic_killbackrefs"
(P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak
references to an object.
.ie n .IP "panic: malloc, %s" 4
.el .IP "panic: malloc, \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: malloc, %s"
(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
.IP "panic: memory wrap" 4
.IX Item "panic: memory wrap"
(P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible.
.ie n .IP "panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p" 4
.el .IP "panic: pad_alloc, \f(CW%p\fR!=%p" 4
.IX Item "panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p"
(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
.ie n .IP "panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p" 4
.el .IP "panic: pad_free curpad, \f(CW%p\fR!=%p" 4
.IX Item "panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p"
(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
.IP "panic: pad_free po" 4
.IX Item "panic: pad_free po"
(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
.ie n .IP "panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p" 4
.el .IP "panic: pad_reset curpad, \f(CW%p\fR!=%p" 4
.IX Item "panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p"
(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
.IP "panic: pad_sv po" 4
.IX Item "panic: pad_sv po"
(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
.ie n .IP "panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p" 4
.el .IP "panic: pad_swipe curpad, \f(CW%p\fR!=%p" 4
.IX Item "panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p"
(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
.IP "panic: pad_swipe po" 4
.IX Item "panic: pad_swipe po"
(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
.IP "panic: pp_iter, type=%u" 4
.IX Item "panic: pp_iter, type=%u"
(P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
.IP "panic: pp_match%s" 4
.IX Item "panic: pp_match%s"
(P) The internal \fIpp_match()\fR routine was called with invalid operational
data.
.IP "panic: pp_split, pm=%p, s=%p" 4
.IX Item "panic: pp_split, pm=%p, s=%p"
(P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
.ie n .IP "panic: realloc, %s" 4
.el .IP "panic: realloc, \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: realloc, %s"
(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
.IP "panic: reference miscount on nsv in \fIsv_replace()\fR (%d != 1)" 4
.IX Item "panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1)"
(P) The internal \fIsv_replace()\fR function was handed a new \s-1SV\s0 with a
reference count other than 1.
.ie n .IP "panic: restartop in %s" 4
.el .IP "panic: restartop in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: restartop in %s"
(P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
didn't supply the destination.
.IP "panic: return, type=%u" 4
.IX Item "panic: return, type=%u"
(P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
.ie n .IP "panic: scan_num, %s" 4
.el .IP "panic: scan_num, \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: scan_num, %s"
(P) \fIscan_num()\fR got called on something that wasn't a number.
.ie n .IP "panic: sv_chop %s" 4
.el .IP "panic: sv_chop \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: sv_chop %s"
(P) The \fIsv_chop()\fR routine was passed a position that is not within the
scalar's string buffer.
.IP "panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p" 4
.IX Item "panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p"
(P) The \fIsv_insert()\fR routine was told to remove more string than there
was string.
.ie n .IP "panic: \fIstrxfrm()\fR gets absurd \- a => %u, ab => %u" 4
.el .IP "panic: \fIstrxfrm()\fR gets absurd \- a => \f(CW%u\fR, ab => \f(CW%u\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: strxfrm() gets absurd - a => %u, ab => %u"
(P) The interpreter's sanity check of the C function \fIstrxfrm()\fR failed.
In your current locale the returned transformation of the string \*(L"ab\*(R" is
shorter than that of the string \*(L"a\*(R", which makes no sense.
.IP "panic: top_env" 4
.IX Item "panic: top_env"
(P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
.ie n .IP "panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called" 4
.el .IP "panic: unimplemented op \f(CW%s\fR (#%d) called" 4
.IX Item "panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called"
(P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that isn't
permitted at run time.
.IP "panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen" 4
.IX Item "panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen"
(P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
to even) byte length.
.IP "panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen" 4
.IX Item "panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen"
(P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as opposed
to even) byte length.
.ie n .IP "panic: yylex, %s" 4
.el .IP "panic: yylex, \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "panic: yylex, %s"
(P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
.IP "Parsing code internal error (%s)" 4
.IX Item "Parsing code internal error (%s)"
(F) Parsing code supplied by an extension violated the parser's \s-1API\s0 in
a detectable way.
.IP "Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls without
consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is consumed before
the nesting limit is exceeded.
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered.
.ie n .IP "Parentheses missing around ""%s"" list" 4
.el .IP "Parentheses missing around ``%s'' list" 4
.IX Item "Parentheses missing around %s list"
(W parenthesis) You said something like
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& my $foo, $bar = @_;
.Ve
.Sp
when you meant
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
.Ve
.Sp
Remember that \*(L"my\*(R", \*(L"our\*(R", \*(L"local\*(R" and \*(L"state\*(R" bind tighter than comma.
.ie n .IP """\-p"" destination: %s" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-p\fR destination: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "-p destination: %s"
(F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the \f(CW\*(C`\-p\*(C'\fR
command-line switch. (This output goes to \s-1STDOUT\s0 unless you've
redirected it with \fIselect()\fR.)
.ie n .IP "(perhaps you forgot to load ""%s""?)" 4
.el .IP "(perhaps you forgot to load ``%s''?)" 4
.IX Item "(perhaps you forgot to load %s?)"
(F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
\&\*(L"Can't locate object method \e\*(R"%s\e\*(L" via package \e\*(R"%s\e"". It often means
that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
.IP "Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%x; please use the perlbug utility to report" 4
.IX Item "Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%x; please use the perlbug utility to report"
(W regex, deprecated) You used a regular expression with
case-insensitive matching, and there is a bug in Perl in which the
built-in regular expression folding rules are not accurate. This may
lead to incorrect results. Please report this as a bug using the
\&\*(L"perlbug\*(R" utility. (This message is marked deprecated, so that it by
default will be turned-on.)
.IP "Perl_my_%s() not available" 4
.IX Item "Perl_my_%s() not available"
(F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size,
so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
\&'<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)\-\-this is only %s, stopped" 4
.el .IP "Perl \f(CW%s\fR required (did you mean \f(CW%s\fR?)\-\-this is only \f(CW%s\fR, stopped" 4
.IX Item "Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)--this is only %s, stopped"
(F) The code you are trying to run has asked for a newer version of
Perl than you are running. Perhaps \f(CW\*(C`use 5.10\*(C'\fR was written instead
of \f(CW\*(C`use 5.010\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`use v5.10\*(C'\fR. Without the leading \f(CW\*(C`v\*(C'\fR, the number is
interpreted as a decimal, with every three digits after the
decimal point representing a part of the version number. So 5.10
is equivalent to v5.100.
.ie n .IP "Perl %s required\*(--this is only version %s, stopped" 4
.el .IP "Perl \f(CW%s\fR required\*(--this is only version \f(CW%s\fR, stopped" 4
.IX Item "Perl %s requiredthis is only version %s, stopped"
(F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since
you upgraded, anyway? See \*(L"require\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "\s-1PERL_SH_DIR\s0 too long" 4
.IX Item "PERL_SH_DIR too long"
(F) An error peculiar to \s-1OS/2\s0. \s-1PERL_SH_DIR\s0 is the directory to find the
\&\f(CW\*(C`sh\*(C'\fR\-shell in. See \*(L"\s-1PERL_SH_DIR\s0\*(R" in perlos2.
.ie n .IP "\s-1PERL_SIGNALS\s0 illegal: ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "\s-1PERL_SIGNALS\s0 illegal: ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "PERL_SIGNALS illegal: %s"
See \*(L"\s-1PERL_SIGNALS\s0\*(R" in perlrun for legal values.
.ie n .IP "Perls since %s too modern\*(--this is %s, stopped" 4
.el .IP "Perls since \f(CW%s\fR too modern\*(--this is \f(CW%s\fR, stopped" 4
.IX Item "Perls since %s too modernthis is %s, stopped"
(F) The code you are trying to run claims it will not run
on the version of Perl you are using because it is too new.
Maybe the code needs to be updated, or maybe it is simply
wrong and the version check should just be removed.
.IP "perl: warning: Setting locale failed." 4
.IX Item "perl: warning: Setting locale failed."
(S) The whole warning message will look something like:
.Sp
.Vb 6
\& perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
\& perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
\& LC_ALL = "En_US",
\& LANG = (unset)
\& are supported and installed on your system.
\& perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
.Ve
.Sp
Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
settings were that the \s-1LC_ALL\s0 was \*(L"En_US\*(R" and the \s-1LANG\s0 had no value.
This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating
system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called
locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not
dead serious, fortunately: there is a \*(L"default locale\*(R" called \*(L"C\*(R" that
Perl can and will use, and the script will be run. Before you really
fix the problem, however, you will get the same error message each
time you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in
perllocale section \fB\s-1LOCALE\s0 \s-1PROBLEMS\s0\fR.
.ie n .IP "pid %x not a child" 4
.el .IP "pid \f(CW%x\fR not a child" 4
.IX Item "pid %x not a child"
(W exec) A warning peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. \fIWaitpid()\fR was asked to wait for a
process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is
fine from \s-1VMS\s0' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
.IP "'P' must have an explicit size in unpack" 4
.IX Item "'P' must have an explicit size in unpack"
(F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not \*(L"*\*(R".
.IP "\s-1POSIX\s0 class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0
shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
Note that the \s-1POSIX\s0 character classes do \fBnot\fR have the \f(CW\*(C`is\*(C'\fR prefix
the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's \f(CW\*(C`[[:print:]]\*(C'\fR,
not \f(CW\*(C`isprint\*(C'\fR. See perlre.
.IP "\s-1POSIX\s0 getpgrp can't take an argument" 4
.IX Item "POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument"
(F) Your system has \s-1POSIX\s0 \fIgetpgrp()\fR, which takes no argument, unlike
the \s-1BSD\s0 version, which takes a pid.
.IP "\s-1POSIX\s0 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
\&\fIinside\fR character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:
/[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently
implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and will
cause fatal errors. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about
where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
.IP "\s-1POSIX\s0 syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
beginning with \*(L"[.\*(R" and ending with \*(L".]\*(R" is reserved for future extensions.
If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
backslash: \*(L"\e[.\*(R" and \*(L".\e]\*(R". The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression
about where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
.IP "\s-1POSIX\s0 syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
with \*(L"[=\*(R" and ending with \*(L"=]\*(R" is reserved for future extensions. If you
need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression
character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: \*(L"\e[=\*(R"
and \*(L"=\e]\*(R". The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the
problem was discovered. See perlre.
.IP "Possible attempt to put comments in \fIqw()\fR list" 4
.IX Item "Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list"
(W qw) \fIqw()\fR lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as
literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
.Sp
You probably wrote something like this:
.Sp
.Vb 4
\& @list = qw(
\& a # a comment
\& b # another comment
\& );
.Ve
.Sp
when you should have written this:
.Sp
.Vb 4
\& @list = qw(
\& a
\& b
\& );
.Ve
.Sp
If you really want comments, build your list the
old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
.Sp
.Vb 4
\& @list = (
\& \*(Aqa\*(Aq, # a comment
\& \*(Aqb\*(Aq, # another comment
\& );
.Ve
.IP "Possible attempt to separate words with commas" 4
.IX Item "Possible attempt to separate words with commas"
(W qw) \fIqw()\fR lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
frequently used.)
.Sp
You probably wrote something like this:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& qw! a, b, c !;
.Ve
.Sp
which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& qw! a b c !;
.Ve
.ie n .IP "Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument" 4
.el .IP "Possible memory corruption: \f(CW%s\fR overflowed 3rd argument" 4
.IX Item "Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument"
(F) An \fIioctl()\fR or \fIfcntl()\fR returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See \*(L"ioctl\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator" 4
.el .IP "Possible precedence problem on bitwise \f(CW%c\fR operator" 4
.IX Item "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
(W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction
with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
.Ve
.Sp
This expression is actually equivalent to \f(CW\*(C`$x & ($y == 0)\*(C'\fR, due to the
higher precedence of \f(CW\*(C`==\*(C'\fR. This is probably not what you want. (If you
really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the
parentheses explicitly and write \f(CW\*(C`$x & ($y == 0)\*(C'\fR).
.IP "Possible unintended interpolation of $\e in regex" 4
.IX Item "Possible unintended interpolation of $ in regex"
(W ambiguous) You said something like \f(CW\*(C`m/$\e/\*(C'\fR in a regex.
The regex \f(CW\*(C`m/foo$\es+bar/m\*(C'\fR translates to: match the word 'foo', the output
record separator (see \*(L"$\e\*(R" in perlvar) and the letter 's' (one time or more)
followed by the word 'bar'.
.Sp
If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by using
\&\f(CW\*(C`m/${\e}/\*(C'\fR (for example: \f(CW\*(C`m/foo${\e}s+bar/\*(C'\fR).
.Sp
If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the line
followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line then you can use
\&\f(CW\*(C`m/$(?)\e/\*(C'\fR (for example: \f(CW\*(C`m/foo$(?)\es+bar/\*(C'\fR).
.ie n .IP "Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string" 4
.el .IP "Possible unintended interpolation of \f(CW%s\fR in string" 4
.IX Item "Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string"
(W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted string
but there was no array \f(CW@foo\fR in scope at the time. If you wanted a
literal \f(CW@foo\fR, then write it as \e@foo; otherwise find out what happened
to the array you apparently lost track of.
.ie n .IP "Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)" 4
.el .IP "Precedence problem: open \f(CW%s\fR should be open(%s)" 4
.IX Item "Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)"
(S precedence) The old irregular construct
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& open FOO || die;
.Ve
.Sp
is now misinterpreted as
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& open(FOO || die);
.Ve
.Sp
because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and
list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put
parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new \*(L"or\*(R" operator instead
of \*(L"||\*(R".
.IP "Premature end of script headers" 4
.IX Item "Premature end of script headers"
See Server error.
.ie n .IP "\fIprintf()\fR on closed filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIprintf()\fR on closed filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "printf() on closed filehandle %s"
(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
before now. Check your control flow.
.ie n .IP "\fIprint()\fR on closed filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIprint()\fR on closed filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "print() on closed filehandle %s"
(W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime
before now. Check your control flow.
.IP "Process terminated by SIG%s" 4
.IX Item "Process terminated by SIG%s"
(W) This is a standard message issued by \s-1OS/2\s0 applications, while *nix
applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the \s-1OS/2\s0
port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
\&\*(L"Signals\*(R" in perlipc. See also \*(L"Process terminated by \s-1SIGTERM/SIGINT\s0\*(R"
in perlos2.
.ie n .IP "Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s" 4
.el .IP "Prototype after '%c' for \f(CW%s\fR : \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s"
(W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This is
useless, since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine arguments.
.ie n .IP "Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s" 4
.el .IP "Prototype mismatch: \f(CW%s\fR vs \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s"
(S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been
declared or defined with a different function prototype.
.IP "Prototype not terminated" 4
.IX Item "Prototype not terminated"
(F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
definition.
.IP "\ep{} uses Unicode rules, not locale rules" 4
.IX Item "p{} uses Unicode rules, not locale rules"
(W) You compiled a regular expression that contained a Unicode property
match (\f(CW\*(C`\ep\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\eP\*(C'\fR), but the regular expression is also being told to
use the run-time locale, not Unicode. Instead, use a \s-1POSIX\s0 character
class, which should know about the locale's rules.
(See \*(L"\s-1POSIX\s0 Character Classes\*(R" in perlrecharclass.)
.Sp
Even if the run-time locale is \s-1ISO\s0 8859\-1 (Latin1), which is a subset of
Unicode, some properties will give results that are not valid for that
subset.
.Sp
Here are a couple of examples to help you see what's going on. If the
locale is \s-1ISO\s0 8859\-7, the character at code point 0xD7 is the \*(L"\s-1GREEK\s0
\&\s-1CAPITAL\s0 \s-1LETTER\s0 \s-1CHI\s0\*(R". But in Unicode that code point means the
\&\*(L"\s-1MULTIPLICATION\s0 \s-1SIGN\s0\*(R" instead, and \f(CW\*(C`\ep\*(C'\fR always uses the Unicode
meaning. That means that \f(CW\*(C`\ep{Alpha}\*(C'\fR won't match, but \f(CW\*(C`[[:alpha:]]\*(C'\fR
should. Only in the Latin1 locale are all the characters in the same
positions as they are in Unicode. But, even here, some properties give
incorrect results. An example is \f(CW\*(C`\ep{Changes_When_Uppercased}\*(C'\fR which
is true for \*(L"\s-1LATIN\s0 \s-1SMALL\s0 \s-1LETTER\s0 Y \s-1WITH\s0 \s-1DIAERESIS\s0\*(R", but since the upper
case of that character is not in Latin1, in that locale it doesn't
change when upper cased.
.IP "Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if
you meant it literally. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression
about where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
.ie n .IP "Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.el .IP "Quantifier in {,} bigger than \f(CW%d\fR in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of
the {min,max} construct. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression
about where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
.IP "Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the
quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match
\&\*(L"abc\*(R" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of \*(L"xyz\*(R" is
\&\f(CW\*(C`/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/\*(C'\fR, not \f(CW\*(C`/abc(?=xyz){3}/\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered.
.IP "Range iterator outside integer range" 4
.IX Item "Range iterator outside integer range"
(F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator \*(L"..\*(R"
are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment
by prepending \*(L"0\*(R" to your numbers.
.ie n .IP "\fIreaddir()\fR attempted on invalid dirhandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIreaddir()\fR attempted on invalid dirhandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s"
(W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not really
a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
.ie n .IP "\fIreadline()\fR on closed filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIreadline()\fR on closed filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "readline() on closed filehandle %s"
(W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
before now. Check your control flow.
.ie n .IP "\fIread()\fR on closed filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIread()\fR on closed filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "read() on closed filehandle %s"
(W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
.ie n .IP "\fIread()\fR on unopened filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIread()\fR on unopened filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "read() on unopened filehandle %s"
(W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
.ie n .IP "Reallocation too large: %x" 4
.el .IP "Reallocation too large: \f(CW%x\fR" 4
.IX Item "Reallocation too large: %x"
(F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
.IP "\fIrealloc()\fR of freed memory ignored" 4
.IX Item "realloc() of freed memory ignored"
(S malloc) An internal routine called \fIrealloc()\fR on something that had
already been freed.
.IP "Recompile perl with \fB\-D\fR\s-1DEBUGGING\s0 to use \fB\-D\fR switch" 4
.IX Item "Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch"
(F debugging) You can't use the \fB\-D\fR option unless the code to produce
the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
.IP "Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer" 4
.IX Item "Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer"
(P) It is currently not permitted to load modules when creating
a filehandle inside an \f(CW%INC\fR hook. This can happen with \f(CW\*(C`open my
$fh, \*(Aq<\*(Aq, \e$scalar\*(C'\fR, which implicitly loads PerlIO::scalar. Try
loading PerlIO::scalar explicitly first.
.IP "Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'" 4
.IX Item "Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'"
(F) While calculating the method resolution order (\s-1MRO\s0) of a package, Perl
believes it found an infinite loop in the \f(CW@ISA\fR hierarchy. This is a
crude check that bails out after 100 levels of \f(CW@ISA\fR depth.
.ie n .IP "refcnt_dec: fd %d%s" 4
.el .IP "refcnt_dec: fd \f(CW%d\fR%s" 4
.IX Item "refcnt_dec: fd %d%s"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "refcnt: fd %d%s" 4
.el .IP "refcnt: fd \f(CW%d\fR%s" 4
.IX Item "refcnt: fd %d%s"
.ie n .IP "refcnt_inc: fd %d%s" 4
.el .IP "refcnt_inc: fd \f(CW%d\fR%s" 4
.IX Item "refcnt_inc: fd %d%s"
.PD
(P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check. If
you see this message, something is very wrong.
.IP "Reference found where even-sized list expected" 4
.IX Item "Reference found where even-sized list expected"
(W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list
with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This
usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant
to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value \fBpairs\fR.
.Sp
.Vb 4
\& %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
\& %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
\& %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
\& %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
.Ve
.IP "Reference is already weak" 4
.IX Item "Reference is already weak"
(W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
Doing so has no effect.
.IP "Reference to invalid group 0" 4
.IX Item "Reference to invalid group 0"
(F) You used \f(CW\*(C`\eg0\*(C'\fR or similar in a regular expression. You may refer
to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers
(normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers (relative
backreferences). Using 0 does not make sense.
.IP "Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used something like \f(CW\*(C`\e7\*(C'\fR in your regular expression, but there are
not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If
you wanted to have the character with ordinal 7 inserted into the regular
expression, prepend zeroes to make it three digits long: \f(CW\*(C`\e007\*(C'\fR
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered.
.IP "Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used something like \f(CW\*(C`\ek\*(AqNAME\*(Aq\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\ek<NAME>\*(C'\fR in your regular
expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing parentheses
such as \f(CW\*(C`(?\*(AqNAME\*(Aq...)\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`(?<NAME>...)\*(C'\fR. Check if the name has been
spelled correctly both in the backreference and the declaration.
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered.
.IP "Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used something like \f(CW\*(C`\eg{\-7}\*(C'\fR in your regular expression, but there
are not at least seven sets of closed capturing parentheses in the
expression before where the \f(CW\*(C`\eg{\-7}\*(C'\fR was located.
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered.
.IP "regexp memory corruption" 4
.IX Item "regexp memory corruption"
(P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
expression compiler gave it.
.ie n .IP "Regexp modifier ""/%c"" may appear a maximum of twice" 4
.el .IP "Regexp modifier ``/%c'' may appear a maximum of twice" 4
.IX Item "Regexp modifier /%c may appear a maximum of twice"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "Regexp modifier ""/%c"" may not appear twice" 4
.el .IP "Regexp modifier ``/%c'' may not appear twice" 4
.IX Item "Regexp modifier /%c may not appear twice"
.PD
(F syntax, regexp) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences
of the specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
.ie n .IP "Regexp modifier ""%c"" may not appear after the ""\-""" 4
.el .IP "Regexp modifier ``%c'' may not appear after the ``\-''" 4
.IX Item "Regexp modifier %c may not appear after the -"
(F regexp) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning
on another one. Perl currently doesn't allow this. Reword the regular
expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and place it before
the minus), instead of the one you want to turn off.
.ie n .IP "Regexp modifiers ""/%c"" and ""/%c"" are mutually exclusive" 4
.el .IP "Regexp modifiers ``/%c'' and ``/%c'' are mutually exclusive" 4
.IX Item "Regexp modifiers /%c and /%c are mutually exclusive"
(F syntax, regexp) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these
mutually exclusive modifiers. Retain only the modifier that is
supposed to be there.
.IP "Regexp out of space" 4
.IX Item "Regexp out of space"
(P) A \*(L"can't happen\*(R" error, because \fIsafemalloc()\fR should have caught it
earlier.
.IP "Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible)" 4
.IX Item "Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible)"
(F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
terminates. You might use ^# instead. See perlform.
.IP "Replacement list is longer than search list" 4
.IX Item "Replacement list is longer than search list"
(W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list
are meaningless.
.ie n .IP "Reversed %s= operator" 4
.el .IP "Reversed \f(CW%s\fR= operator" 4
.IX Item "Reversed %s= operator"
(W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must
always come last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
.ie n .IP "\fIrewinddir()\fR attempted on invalid dirhandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIrewinddir()\fR attempted on invalid dirhandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s"
(W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a \fIrewinddir()\fR on is either closed or not
really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
.ie n .IP "Scalars leaked: %d" 4
.el .IP "Scalars leaked: \f(CW%d\fR" 4
.IX Item "Scalars leaked: %d"
(P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,
especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
.IP "Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]" 4
.IX Item "Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]"
(W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar
value (indicated by $). The difference is that \f(CW$foo[&bar]\fR always
behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
argument, while \f(CW@foo[&bar]\fR behaves like a list when you assign to it,
and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
if you're expecting only one subscript.
.Sp
On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
perlref.
.IP "Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}" 4
.IX Item "Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}"
(W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single
element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value
(indicated by $). The difference is that \f(CW$foo{&bar}\fR always behaves
like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
argument, while \f(CW@foo{&bar}\fR behaves like a list when you assign to it,
and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
if you're expecting only one subscript.
.Sp
On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element
as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will
not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
perlref.
.IP "Search pattern not terminated" 4
.IX Item "Search pattern not terminated"
(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
Missing the leading \f(CW\*(C`$\*(C'\fR from a variable \f(CW$m\fR may cause this error.
.Sp
Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the \fIdefined-or\fR
construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written
in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the \fIdefined-or\fR can be
misparsed by pre\-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.
.IP "Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern" 4
.IX Item "Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern"
(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a \f(CW\*(C`?PATTERN?\*(C'\fR
construct.
.Sp
The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as in
\&\f(CW\*(C`foo ? 0 : 1\*(C'\fR) leading to some ambiguous constructions being wrongly
parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put parentheses around
the conditional expression, i.e. \f(CW\*(C`(foo) ? 0 : 1\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "\fIseekdir()\fR attempted on invalid dirhandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIseekdir()\fR attempted on invalid dirhandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s"
(W io) The dirhandle you are doing a \fIseekdir()\fR on is either closed or not
really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
.IP "%\fIsseek()\fR on unopened filehandle" 4
.IX Item "%sseek() on unopened filehandle"
(W unopened) You tried to use the \fIseek()\fR or \fIsysseek()\fR function on a
filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
.IP "select not implemented" 4
.IX Item "select not implemented"
(F) This machine doesn't implement the \fIselect()\fR system call.
.IP "Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported" 4
.IX Item "Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported"
(F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in
the current implementation.
.IP "Semicolon seems to be missing" 4
.IX Item "Semicolon seems to be missing"
(W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing
semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
.IP "semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string" 4
.IX Item "semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string"
(S internal) The internal \fInewSVsv()\fR routine was called to duplicate a
scalar that had previously been marked as free.
.IP "sem%s not implemented" 4
.IX Item "sem%s not implemented"
(F) You don't have System V semaphore \s-1IPC\s0 on your system.
.ie n .IP "\fIsend()\fR on closed socket %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIsend()\fR on closed socket \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "send() on closed socket %s"
(W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
before now. Check your control flow.
.IP "Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The
<\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered. See perlre.
.IP "Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved
but has not yet been written. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular
expression about where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
.IP "Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. The
<\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered. This happens when using the \f(CW\*(C`(?^...)\*(C'\fR construct to tell
Perl to use the default regular expression modifiers, and you
redundantly specify a default modifier. For other
causes, see perlre.
.IP "Sequence \e%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Sequence %s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following the escape
sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly written.
.IP "Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in
the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
perlre.
.IP "Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}\-balanced in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contain braces, they
must balance for Perl to detect the end of the clause properly.
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the
problem was discovered. See perlre.
.IP "500 Server error" 4
.IX Item "500 Server error"
See Server error.
.IP "Server error" 4
.IX Item "Server error"
(A) This is the error message generally seen in a browser window
when trying to run a \s-1CGI\s0 program (including \s-1SSI\s0) over the web. The
actual error text varies widely from server to server. The most
frequently-seen variants are \*(L"500 Server error\*(R", \*(L"Method (something)
not permitted\*(R", \*(L"Document contains no data\*(R", \*(L"Premature end of script
headers\*(R", and \*(L"Did not produce a valid header\*(R".
.Sp
\&\fBThis is a \s-1CGI\s0 error, not a Perl error\fR.
.Sp
You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by
the user \s-1CGI\s0 is running the script under (which is probably not the
user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment
variables (like \s-1PATH\s0) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't
in a location where the \s-1CGI\s0 server can't find it, basically, more or
less. Please see the following for more information:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
\& http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
\& http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
.Ve
.Sp
You should also look at perlfaq9.
.IP "\fIsetegid()\fR not implemented" 4
.IX Item "setegid() not implemented"
(F) You tried to assign to \f(CW$)\fR, and your operating system doesn't
support the \fIsetegid()\fR system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
didn't think so.
.IP "\fIseteuid()\fR not implemented" 4
.IX Item "seteuid() not implemented"
(F) You tried to assign to \f(CW$>\fR, and your operating system doesn't
support the \fIseteuid()\fR system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
didn't think so.
.IP "setpgrp can't take arguments" 4
.IX Item "setpgrp can't take arguments"
(F) Your system has the \fIsetpgrp()\fR from \s-1BSD\s0 4.2, which takes no
arguments, unlike \s-1POSIX\s0 \fIsetpgid()\fR, which takes a process \s-1ID\s0 and process
group \s-1ID\s0.
.IP "\fIsetrgid()\fR not implemented" 4
.IX Item "setrgid() not implemented"
(F) You tried to assign to \f(CW$(\fR, and your operating system doesn't
support the \fIsetrgid()\fR system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
didn't think so.
.IP "\fIsetruid()\fR not implemented" 4
.IX Item "setruid() not implemented"
(F) You tried to assign to \f(CW$<\fR, and your operating system doesn't
support the \fIsetruid()\fR system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
didn't think so.
.ie n .IP "\fIsetsockopt()\fR on closed socket %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIsetsockopt()\fR on closed socket \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "setsockopt() on closed socket %s"
(W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
forget to check the return value of your \fIsocket()\fR call? See
\&\*(L"setsockopt\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "shm%s not implemented" 4
.IX Item "shm%s not implemented"
(F) You don't have System V shared memory \s-1IPC\s0 on your system.
.IP "!=~ should be !~" 4
.IX Item "!=~ should be !~"
(W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
operators: probably not what you intended.
.IP "<> should be quotes" 4
.IX Item "<> should be quotes"
(F) You wrote \f(CW\*(C`require <file>\*(C'\fR when you should have written
\&\f(CW\*(C`require \*(Aqfile\*(Aq\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "/%s/ should probably be written as ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "/%s/ should probably be written as ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "/%s/ should probably be written as %s"
(W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,
as in the first argument to \f(CW\*(C`join\*(C'\fR. Perl will treat the true or false
result of matching the pattern against \f(CW$_\fR as the string, which is
probably not what you had in mind.
.ie n .IP "\fIshutdown()\fR on closed socket %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIshutdown()\fR on closed socket \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "shutdown() on closed socket %s"
(W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit
superfluous.
.ie n .IP "SIG%s handler ""%s"" not defined" 4
.el .IP "SIG%s handler ``%s'' not defined" 4
.IX Item "SIG%s handler %s not defined"
(W signal) The signal handler named in \f(CW%SIG\fR doesn't, in fact, exist.
Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
.IP "Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation" 4
.IX Item "Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation"
(F) You should not use the \f(CW\*(C`~~\*(C'\fR operator on an object that does not
overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure for
the smart match.
.IP "sort is now a reserved word" 4
.IX Item "sort is now a reserved word"
(F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
.IP "Sort subroutine didn't return single value" 4
.IX Item "Sort subroutine didn't return single value"
(F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
or less than one element. See \*(L"sort\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Source filters apply only to byte streams" 4
.IX Item "Source filters apply only to byte streams"
(F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a
source filter module) within a string passed to \f(CW\*(C`eval\*(C'\fR. This is
not permitted under the \f(CW\*(C`unicode_eval\*(C'\fR feature. Consider using
\&\f(CW\*(C`evalbytes\*(C'\fR instead. See feature.
.IP "\fIsplice()\fR offset past end of array" 4
.IX Item "splice() offset past end of array"
(W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of
the array passed to \fIsplice()\fR. Splicing will instead commence at the
end of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want,
try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = \f(CW$offset\fR.
See \*(L"splice\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Split loop" 4
.IX Item "Split loop"
(P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't
iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what
happened.) See \*(L"split\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Statement unlikely to be reached" 4
.IX Item "Statement unlikely to be reached"
(W exec) You did an \fIexec()\fR with some statement after it other than a
\&\fIdie()\fR. This is almost always an error, because \fIexec()\fR never returns
unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use \fIsystem()\fR
instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the \fIexec()\fR in
a block by itself.
.ie n .IP """state"" variable %s can't be in a package" 4
.el .IP "``state'' variable \f(CW%s\fR can't be in a package" 4
.IX Item "state variable %s can't be in a package"
(F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use
\&\fIlocal()\fR if you want to localize a package variable.
.ie n .IP "\fIstat()\fR on unopened filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIstat()\fR on unopened filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "stat() on unopened filehandle %s"
(W unopened) You tried to use the \fIstat()\fR function on a filehandle that
was either never opened or has since been closed.
.ie n .IP "Stub found while resolving method ""%s"" overloading ""%s"" in package ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Stub found while resolving method ``%s'' overloading ``%s'' in package ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Stub found while resolving method %s overloading %s in package %s"
(P) Overloading resolution over \f(CW@ISA\fR tree may be broken by importation
stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to
\&\f(CW\*(C`can\*(C'\fR may break this.
.ie n .IP "Subroutine %s redefined" 4
.el .IP "Subroutine \f(CW%s\fR redefined" 4
.IX Item "Subroutine %s redefined"
(W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
.Sp
.Vb 4
\& {
\& no warnings \*(Aqredefine\*(Aq;
\& eval "sub name { ... }";
\& }
.Ve
.IP "Substitution loop" 4
.IX Item "Substitution loop"
(P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution
shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which
is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
\&\*(L"Regexp Quote-Like Operators\*(R" in perlop.
.IP "Substitution pattern not terminated" 4
.IX Item "Substitution pattern not terminated"
(F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
Missing the leading \f(CW\*(C`$\*(C'\fR from variable \f(CW$s\fR may cause this error.
.IP "Substitution replacement not terminated" 4
.IX Item "Substitution replacement not terminated"
(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
Missing the leading \f(CW\*(C`$\*(C'\fR from variable \f(CW$s\fR may cause this error.
.IP "substr outside of string" 4
.IX Item "substr outside of string"
(W substr)(F) You tried to reference a \fIsubstr()\fR that pointed outside of
a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
length of the string. See \*(L"substr\*(R" in perlfunc. This warning is fatal if
substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an
assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
.ie n .IP "sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d" 4
.el .IP "sv_upgrade from type \f(CW%d\fR down to type \f(CW%d\fR" 4
.IX Item "sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d"
(P) Perl tried to force the upgrade of an \s-1SV\s0 to a type which was actually
inferior to its current type.
.IP "Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) A (?(condition)if\-clause|else\-clause) construct can have at most
two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or
both to contain alternation, such as using \f(CW\*(C`this|that|other\*(C'\fR, enclose
it in clustering parentheses:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else\-clause)
.Ve
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem
was discovered. See perlre.
.IP "Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) If the argument to the (?(...)if\-clause|else\-clause) construct is
a number, it can be only a number. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular
expression about where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
.ie n .IP "switching effective %s is not implemented" 4
.el .IP "switching effective \f(CW%s\fR is not implemented" 4
.IX Item "switching effective %s is not implemented"
(F) While under the \f(CW\*(C`use filetest\*(C'\fR pragma, we cannot switch the real
and effective uids or gids.
.ie n .IP "%s syntax \s-1OK\s0" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR syntax \s-1OK\s0" 4
.IX Item "%s syntax OK"
(F) The final summary message when a \f(CW\*(C`perl \-c\*(C'\fR succeeds.
.IP "syntax error" 4
.IX Item "syntax error"
(F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
.Sp
.Vb 6
\& A keyword is misspelled.
\& A semicolon is missing.
\& A comma is missing.
\& An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
\& An opening or closing brace is missing.
\& A closing quote is missing.
.Ve
.Sp
Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on \fB\-w\fR.)
The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
\&\f(CW\*(C`perl \-c\*(C'\fR repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of 20\ questions.
.ie n .IP "syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected" 4
.el .IP "syntax error at line \f(CW%d:\fR '%s' unexpected" 4
.IX Item "syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected"
(A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
yourself.
.ie n .IP "syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "syntax error in file \f(CW%s\fR at line \f(CW%d\fR, next 2 tokens ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens %s"
(F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are \*(L"use strict\*(R"
or \*(L"my \f(CW$var\fR\*(R" or \*(L"our \f(CW$var\fR\*(R".
.ie n .IP "\fIsysread()\fR on closed filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIsysread()\fR on closed filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "sysread() on closed filehandle %s"
(W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
.ie n .IP "\fIsysread()\fR on unopened filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIsysread()\fR on unopened filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "sysread() on unopened filehandle %s"
(W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
.ie n .IP "System V %s is not implemented on this machine" 4
.el .IP "System V \f(CW%s\fR is not implemented on this machine" 4
.IX Item "System V %s is not implemented on this machine"
(F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with \*(L"sem\*(R",
\&\*(L"shm\*(R", or \*(L"msg\*(R" but that System V \s-1IPC\s0 is not implemented in your
machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
unconfigured. Consult your system support.
.ie n .IP "\fIsyswrite()\fR on closed filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIsyswrite()\fR on closed filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "syswrite() on closed filehandle %s"
(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
before now. Check your control flow.
.ie n .IP """\-T"" and ""\-B"" not implemented on filehandles" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-T\fR and \f(CW\-B\fR not implemented on filehandles" 4
.IX Item "-T and -B not implemented on filehandles"
(F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
.IP "Target of goto is too deeply nested" 4
.IX Item "Target of goto is too deeply nested"
(F) You tried to use \f(CW\*(C`goto\*(C'\fR to reach a label that was too deeply nested
for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
.ie n .IP "\fItelldir()\fR attempted on invalid dirhandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fItelldir()\fR attempted on invalid dirhandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s"
(W io) The dirhandle you tried to \fItelldir()\fR is either closed or not really
a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
.IP "\fItell()\fR on unopened filehandle" 4
.IX Item "tell() on unopened filehandle"
(W unopened) You tried to use the \fItell()\fR function on a filehandle that
was either never opened or has since been closed.
.IP "That use of $[ is unsupported" 4
.IX Item "That use of $[ is unsupported"
(F) Assignment to \f(CW$[\fR is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
.Sp
.Vb 6
\& $[ = 0;
\& $[ = 1;
\& ...
\& local $[ = 0;
\& local $[ = 1;
\& ...
.Ve
.Sp
This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out
from under another module inadvertently. See \*(L"$[\*(R" in perlvar and arybase.
.IP "The \fIcrypt()\fR function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia" 4
.IX Item "The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia"
(F) Configure couldn't find the \fIcrypt()\fR function on your machine,
probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
will deny it.
.ie n .IP "The %s function is unimplemented" 4
.el .IP "The \f(CW%s\fR function is unimplemented" 4
.IX Item "The %s function is unimplemented"
(F) The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
to the probings of Configure.
.ie n .IP "The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat" 4
.el .IP "The stat preceding \f(CW%s\fR wasn't an lstat" 4
.IX Item "The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat"
(F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went
past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename
instead.
.IP "The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables" 4
.IX Item "The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables"
(F) This attribute was never supported on \f(CW\*(C`my\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`sub\*(C'\fR declarations.
.IP "This Perl can't reset \s-1CRTL\s0 environ elements (%s)" 4
.IX Item "This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)"
.PD 0
.IP "This Perl can't set \s-1CRTL\s0 environ elements (%s=%s)" 4
.IX Item "This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)"
.PD
(W internal) Warnings peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. You tried to change or delete an
element of the \s-1CRTL\s0's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl
wasn't built with a \s-1CRTL\s0 that contained the \fIsetenv()\fR function. You'll
need to rebuild Perl with a \s-1CRTL\s0 that does, or redefine
\&\fI\s-1PERL_ENV_TABLES\s0\fR (see perlvms) so that the environ array isn't the
target of the change to
\&\f(CW%ENV\fR which produced the warning.
.ie n .IP "thread failed to start: %s" 4
.el .IP "thread failed to start: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "thread failed to start: %s"
(W threads)(S) The entry point function of threads\->\fIcreate()\fR failed for some reason.
.IP "times not implemented" 4
.IX Item "times not implemented"
(F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do \fItimes()\fR. I
suspect you're not running on Unix.
.ie n .IP """\-T"" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line" 4
.el .IP "``\-T'' is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line" 4
.IX Item "-T is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line"
(X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains
the \fB\-T\fR option (or the \fB\-t\fR option), but Perl was not invoked with
\&\fB\-T\fR in its command line. This is an error because, by the time
Perl discovers a \fB\-T\fR in a script, it's too late to properly taint
everything from the environment. So Perl gives up.
.Sp
If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be
fixed by editing the #! line so that the \fB\-%c\fR option is a part of
Perl's first argument: e.g. change \f(CW\*(C`perl \-n \-%c\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`perl \-%c \-n\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
If the Perl script is being executed as \f(CW\*(C`perl scriptname\*(C'\fR, then the
\&\fB\-%c\fR option must appear on the command line: \f(CW\*(C`perl \-%c scriptname\*(C'\fR.
.IP "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'" 4
.IX Item "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
(F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for \fIlc()\fR, lcfirst,
\&\fIuc()\fR, or \fIucfirst()\fR (or their string-inlined versions), but you
specified an illegal mapping.
See \*(L"User-Defined Character Properties\*(R" in perlunicode.
.IP "Too deeply nested ()\-groups" 4
.IX Item "Too deeply nested ()-groups"
(F) Your template contains ()\-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level.
.IP "Too few args to syscall" 4
.IX Item "Too few args to syscall"
(F) There has to be at least one argument to \fIsyscall()\fR to specify the
system call to call, silly dilly.
.ie n .IP "Too late for ""\-%s"" option" 4
.el .IP "Too late for ``\-%s'' option" 4
.IX Item "Too late for -%s option"
(X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
\&\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-m\fR or \fB\-C\fR option.
.Sp
In the case of \fB\-M\fR and \fB\-m\fR, this is an error because those options
are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the \f(CW\*(C`use\*(C'\fR pragma instead.
.Sp
The \fB\-C\fR option only works if it is specified on the command line as
well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following). Either
specify this option on the command line, or, if your system supports
it, make your script executable and run it directly instead of passing
it to perl.
.ie n .IP "Too late to run %s block" 4
.el .IP "Too late to run \f(CW%s\fR block" 4
.IX Item "Too late to run %s block"
(W void) A \s-1CHECK\s0 or \s-1INIT\s0 block is being defined during run time proper,
when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are
loading a file with \f(CW\*(C`require\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`do\*(C'\fR when you should be using \f(CW\*(C`use\*(C'\fR
instead. Or perhaps you should put the \f(CW\*(C`require\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`do\*(C'\fR inside a
\&\s-1BEGIN\s0 block.
.IP "Too many args to syscall" 4
.IX Item "Too many args to syscall"
(F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to \fIsyscall()\fR.
.ie n .IP "Too many arguments for %s" 4
.el .IP "Too many arguments for \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Too many arguments for %s"
(F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
.IP "Too many )'s" 4
.IX Item "Too many )'s"
(A) You've accidentally run your script through \fBcsh\fR instead of Perl.
Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
.IP "Too many ('s" 4
.IX Item "Too many ('s"
(A) You've accidentally run your script through \fBcsh\fR instead of Perl.
Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
.IP "Trailing \e in regex m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Trailing in regex m/%s/"
(F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
Backslash it. See perlre.
.IP "Transliteration pattern not terminated" 4
.IX Item "Transliteration pattern not terminated"
(F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading \f(CW\*(C`$\*(C'\fR from variables
\&\f(CW$tr\fR or \f(CW$y\fR may cause this error.
.IP "Transliteration replacement not terminated" 4
.IX Item "Transliteration replacement not terminated"
(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
y/// or y[][] construct.
.IP "'%s' trapped by operation mask" 4
.IX Item "'%s' trapped by operation mask"
(F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's
disallowed. See Safe.
.IP "truncate not implemented" 4
.IX Item "truncate not implemented"
(F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
Configure knows about.
.ie n .IP "Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s" 4
.el .IP "Type of arg \f(CW%d\fR to &CORE::%s must be \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s"
(F) The subroutine in question in the \s-1CORE\s0 package requires its argument
to be a hard reference to data of the specified type. Overloading is
ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the specified type, but
nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will still not be accepted.
.ie n .IP "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)" 4
.el .IP "Type of arg \f(CW%d\fR to \f(CW%s\fR must be \f(CW%s\fR (not \f(CW%s\fR)" 4
.IX Item "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)"
(F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
certain type. Arrays must be \f(CW@NAME\fR or \f(CW\*(C`@{EXPR}\*(C'\fR. Hashes must be
\&\f(CW%NAME\fR or \f(CW\*(C`%{EXPR}\*(C'\fR. No implicit dereferencing is allowed\*(--use the
{\s-1EXPR\s0} forms as an explicit dereference. See perlref.
.ie n .IP "Type of argument to %s must be unblessed hashref or arrayref" 4
.el .IP "Type of argument to \f(CW%s\fR must be unblessed hashref or arrayref" 4
.IX Item "Type of argument to %s must be unblessed hashref or arrayref"
(F) You called \f(CW\*(C`keys\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`values\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`each\*(C'\fR with a scalar argument that
was not a reference to an unblessed hash or array.
.IP "umask not implemented" 4
.IX Item "umask not implemented"
(F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to
use it to restrict permissions for yourself (\s-1EXPR\s0 & 0700).
.ie n .IP "Unable to create sub named ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Unable to create sub named ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Unable to create sub named %s"
(F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.
.ie n .IP "Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs" 4
.el .IP "Unbalanced context: \f(CW%d\fR more PUSHes than POPs" 4
.IX Item "Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs"
(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
many execution contexts were entered and left.
.ie n .IP "Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores" 4
.el .IP "Unbalanced saves: \f(CW%d\fR more saves than restores" 4
.IX Item "Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores"
(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
many values were temporarily localized.
.ie n .IP "Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs" 4
.el .IP "Unbalanced scopes: \f(CW%d\fR more ENTERs than LEAVEs" 4
.IX Item "Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs"
(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
many blocks were entered and left.
.ie n .IP "Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for %s"
(W internal) On exit, Perl found some strings remaining in the shared
string table used for copy on write and for hash keys. The entries
should have been freed, so this indicates a bug somewhere.
.ie n .IP "Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees" 4
.el .IP "Unbalanced tmps: \f(CW%d\fR more allocs than frees" 4
.IX Item "Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees"
(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
.ie n .IP "Undefined format ""%s"" called" 4
.el .IP "Undefined format ``%s'' called" 4
.IX Item "Undefined format %s called"
(F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
another package? See perlform.
.ie n .IP "Undefined sort subroutine ""%s"" called" 4
.el .IP "Undefined sort subroutine ``%s'' called" 4
.IX Item "Undefined sort subroutine %s called"
(F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
Perhaps it's in a different package? See \*(L"sort\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Undefined subroutine &%s called" 4
.IX Item "Undefined subroutine &%s called"
(F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
since been undefined.
.IP "Undefined subroutine called" 4
.IX Item "Undefined subroutine called"
(F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
or if it was, it has since been undefined.
.IP "Undefined subroutine in sort" 4
.IX Item "Undefined subroutine in sort"
(F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem
to have been defined yet. See \*(L"sort\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Undefined top format ""%s"" called" 4
.el .IP "Undefined top format ``%s'' called" 4
.IX Item "Undefined top format %s called"
(F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
another package? See perlform.
.IP "Undefined value assigned to typeglob" 4
.IX Item "Undefined value assigned to typeglob"
(W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la
\&\f(CW\*(C`*foo = undef\*(C'\fR. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
\&\f(CW\*(C`undef *foo\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "%s: Undefined variable" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s:\fR Undefined variable" 4
.IX Item "%s: Undefined variable"
(A) You've accidentally run your script through \fBcsh\fR instead of Perl.
Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
.ie n .IP "unexec of %s into %s failed!" 4
.el .IP "unexec of \f(CW%s\fR into \f(CW%s\fR failed!" 4
.IX Item "unexec of %s into %s failed!"
(F) The \fIunexec()\fR routine failed for some reason. See your local \s-1FSF\s0
representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
.ie n .IP "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d" 4
.el .IP "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ \f(CW%d:\fR%d" 4
.IX Item "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d"
(P) When compiling a subroutine call in lvalue context, Perl failed an
internal consistency check. It encountered a malformed op tree.
.IP "Unicode non-character U+%X is illegal for open interchange" 4
.IX Item "Unicode non-character U+%X is illegal for open interchange"
(W utf8, nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are
defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are
legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so, applications
shouldn't attempt to exchange them. If you know what you are doing
you can turn off this warning by \f(CW\*(C`no warnings \*(Aqnonchar\*(Aq;\*(C'\fR.
.IP "Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in \s-1UTF\-8\s0" 4
.IX Item "Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8"
(W utf8, surrogate) You had a \s-1UTF\-16\s0 surrogate in a context where they are
not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800 and
U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for \s-1UTF\-16\s0. However, Perl
internally allows all unsigned integer code points (up to the size limit
available on your platform), including surrogates. But these can cause
problems when being input or output, which is likely where this message
came from. If you really really know what you are doing you can turn
off this warning by \f(CW\*(C`no warnings \*(Aqsurrogate\*(Aq;\*(C'\fR.
.IP "Unknown \s-1BYTEORDER\s0" 4
.IX Item "Unknown BYTEORDER"
(F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte
order.
.IP "Unknown error" 4
.IX Item "Unknown error"
(P) Perl was about to print an error message in \f(CW$@\fR, but the \f(CW$@\fR variable
did not exist, even after an attempt to create it.
.IP "Unknown \fIopen()\fR mode '%s'" 4
.IX Item "Unknown open() mode '%s'"
(F) The second argument of 3\-argument \fIopen()\fR is not among the list
of valid modes: \f(CW\*(C`<\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`>\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`>>\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`+<\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`+>\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`+>>\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-|\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`|\-\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`<&\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`>&\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "Unknown PerlIO layer ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Unknown PerlIO layer ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Unknown PerlIO layer %s"
(W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as \f(CW\*(C`mmap\*(C'\fR,
are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't
explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
value of the environment variable \s-1PERLIO\s0.
.ie n .IP "Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s" 4
.el .IP "Unknown process \f(CW%x\fR sent message to prime_env_iter: \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s"
(P) An error peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl was reading values for \f(CW%ENV\fR before
iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
subvert Perl's population of \f(CW%ENV\fR for nefarious purposes.
.ie n .IP "Unknown ""re"" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)" 4
.el .IP "Unknown ``re'' subpragma '%s' (known ones are: \f(CW%s\fR)" 4
.IX Item "Unknown re subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)"
(W) You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the \*(L"re\*(R" pragma.
.IP "Unknown switch condition (?(%s in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Unknown switch condition (?(%s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if\-clause|else\-clause) construct
is not known. The condition must be one of the following:
.Sp
.Vb 9
\& (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
\& (<NAME>) (\*(AqNAME\*(Aq) true if named capture matched
\& (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
\& (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match
\& (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
\& (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
\& (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc.
\& (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
\& (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
.Ve
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered. See perlre.
.IP "Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'" 4
.IX Item "Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'"
(F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun documentation
of the \f(CW\*(C`\-C\*(C'\fR switch for the list of known options.
.ie n .IP "Unknown Unicode option value %x" 4
.el .IP "Unknown Unicode option value \f(CW%x\fR" 4
.IX Item "Unknown Unicode option value %x"
(F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun documentation
of the \f(CW\*(C`\-C\*(C'\fR switch for the list of known options.
.IP "Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a \f(CW\*(C`*\*(C'\fR quantifier
after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
perlre for details on legal verb patterns.
.IP "Unknown warnings category '%s'" 4
.IX Item "Unknown warnings category '%s'"
(F) An error issued by the \f(CW\*(C`warnings\*(C'\fR pragma. You specified a warnings
category that is unknown to perl at this point.
.Sp
Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a
module (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`use warnings \*(AqFile::Find\*(Aq\*(C'\fR), you must have loaded this
module first.
.IP "unmatched [ in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it
first. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the
problem was discovered. See perlre.
.IP "unmatched ( in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding
the matching parenthesis. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression
about where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
.ie n .IP "Unmatched right %s bracket" 4
.el .IP "Unmatched right \f(CW%s\fR bracket" 4
.IX Item "Unmatched right %s bracket"
(F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening
ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a
general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place
you were last editing.
.ie n .IP "Unquoted string ""%s"" may clash with future reserved word" 4
.el .IP "Unquoted string ``%s'' may clash with future reserved word" 4
.IX Item "Unquoted string %s may clash with future reserved word"
(W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it
somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a
subroutine.
.ie n .IP "Unrecognized character %s; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 after %s near column %d" 4
.el .IP "Unrecognized character \f(CW%s\fR; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 after \f(CW%s\fR near column \f(CW%d\fR" 4
.IX Item "Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d"
(F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column. Perhaps you tried
to run a compressed script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
.IP "Unrecognized escape \e%c in character class passed through in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Unrecognized escape %c in character class passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
understood literally, but this may change in a future version of Perl.
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about where the
escape was discovered.
.IP "Unrecognized escape \e%c passed through" 4
.IX Item "Unrecognized escape %c passed through"
(W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally, but this may
change in a future version of Perl.
.IP "Unrecognized escape \e%s passed through in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Unrecognized escape %s passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
recognized by Perl. The character(s) were understood literally, but
this may change in a future version of Perl. The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in
the regular expression about where the escape was discovered.
.ie n .IP "Unrecognized signal name ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "Unrecognized signal name ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "Unrecognized signal name %s"
(F) You specified a signal name to the \fIkill()\fR function that was not
recognized. Say \f(CW\*(C`kill \-l\*(C'\fR in your shell to see the valid signal names
on your system.
.IP "Unrecognized switch: \-%s (\-h will show valid options)" 4
.IX Item "Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)"
(F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you
think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the
bad switch on your behalf.)
.ie n .IP "Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline" 4
.el .IP "Unsuccessful \f(CW%s\fR on filename containing newline" 4
.IX Item "Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline"
(W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
operation failed, \s-1PROBABLY\s0 because the filename contained a newline,
\&\s-1PROBABLY\s0 because you forgot to \fIchomp()\fR it off. See \*(L"chomp\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .IP "Unsupported directory function ""%s"" called" 4
.el .IP "Unsupported directory function ``%s'' called" 4
.IX Item "Unsupported directory function %s called"
(F) Your machine doesn't support \fIopendir()\fR and \fIreaddir()\fR.
.ie n .IP "Unsupported function %s" 4
.el .IP "Unsupported function \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Unsupported function %s"
(F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
At least, Configure doesn't think so.
.IP "Unsupported function fork" 4
.IX Item "Unsupported function fork"
(F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
.Sp
Note that under some systems, like \s-1OS/2\s0, there may be different flavors
of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
changing the name you call Perl by to \f(CW\*(C`perl_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`perl_\|_\*(C'\fR, and so on.
.ie n .IP "Unsupported script encoding %s" 4
.el .IP "Unsupported script encoding \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Unsupported script encoding %s"
(F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (\s-1BOM\s0) which
declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read.
.ie n .IP "Unsupported socket function ""%s"" called" 4
.el .IP "Unsupported socket function ``%s'' called" 4
.IX Item "Unsupported socket function %s called"
(F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
least that's what Configure thought.
.IP "Unterminated attribute list" 4
.IX Item "Unterminated attribute list"
(F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
attribute too soon. See attributes.
.IP "Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list" 4
.IX Item "Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list"
(F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing
an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis
character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash
character to get your parentheses to balance. See attributes.
.IP "Unterminated compressed integer" 4
.IX Item "Unterminated compressed integer"
(F) An argument to unpack(\*(L"w\*(R",...) was incompatible with the \s-1BER\s0
compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Unterminated \eg{...} pattern in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Unterminated g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You missed a close brace on a \eg{..} pattern (group reference) in
a regular expression. Fix the pattern and retry.
.IP "Unterminated <> operator" 4
.IX Item "Unterminated <> operator"
(F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
earlier in the line, and you really meant a \*(L"less than\*(R".
.IP "Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used a pattern of the form \f(CW\*(C`(*VERB:ARG)\*(C'\fR but did not terminate
the pattern with a \f(CW\*(C`)\*(C'\fR. Fix the pattern and retry.
.IP "Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used a pattern of the form \f(CW\*(C`(*VERB)\*(C'\fR but did not terminate
the pattern with a \f(CW\*(C`)\*(C'\fR. Fix the pattern and retry.
.ie n .IP "untie attempted while %d inner references still exist" 4
.el .IP "untie attempted while \f(CW%d\fR inner references still exist" 4
.IX Item "untie attempted while %d inner references still exist"
(W untie) A copy of the object returned from \f(CW\*(C`tie\*(C'\fR (or \f(CW\*(C`tied\*(C'\fR) was
still valid when \f(CW\*(C`untie\*(C'\fR was called.
.IP "Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)" 4
.IX Item "Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)"
(F) You called a \s-1POSIX\s0 function with incorrect arguments.
See \*(L"\s-1FUNCTIONS\s0\*(R" in \s-1POSIX\s0 for more information.
.IP "Usage: Win32::%s(%s)" 4
.IX Item "Usage: Win32::%s(%s)"
(F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.
See Win32 for more information.
.ie n .IP "$[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)" 4
.el .IP "$[ used in \f(CW%s\fR (did you mean $] ?)" 4
.IX Item "$[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)"
(W syntax) You used \f(CW$[\fR in a comparison, such as:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& if ($[ > 5.006) {
\& ...
\& }
.Ve
.Sp
You probably meant to use \f(CW$]\fR instead. \f(CW$[\fR is the base for indexing
arrays. \f(CW$]\fR is the Perl version number in decimal.
.IP "Useless assignment to a temporary" 4
.IX Item "Useless assignment to a temporary"
(W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what
the subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to
be discarded, so the assignment had no effect.
.IP "Useless (?\-%s) \- don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?\-o) that has no
meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& if ($string =~ /(?\-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
.Ve
.Sp
must be written as
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
.Ve
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about
where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
.ie n .IP "Useless localization of %s" 4
.el .IP "Useless localization of \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Useless localization of %s"
(W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as \f(CW\*(C`local($x=10)\*(C'\fR is legal,
but in fact the \fIlocal()\fR currently has no effect. This may change at
some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged.
.IP "Useless (?%s) \- use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
.Ve
.Sp
must be written as
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
.Ve
.Sp
The <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 shows in the regular expression about
where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
.IP "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator" 4
.IX Item "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator"
(W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
same length as the replacelist. See perlop for more information
about the /d modifier.
.IP "Useless use of \eE" 4
.IX Item "Useless use of E"
(W misc) You have a \eE in a double-quotish string without a \f(CW\*(C`\eU\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`\eL\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\eQ\*(C'\fR preceding it.
.ie n .IP "Useless use of %s in void context" 4
.el .IP "Useless use of \f(CW%s\fR in void context" 4
.IX Item "Useless use of %s in void context"
(W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a
value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very
often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl
to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd
get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and
said
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& $one, $two = 1, 2;
.Ve
.Sp
when you meant to say
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
.Ve
.Sp
Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
example, if you say
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& $array = (1,2);
.Ve
.Sp
when you should have said
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& $array = [1,2];
.Ve
.Sp
The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
perlref for more on this.
.Sp
This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1
since they are often used in statements like
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
.Ve
.Sp
String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
about.
.ie n .IP "Useless use of ""re"" pragma" 4
.el .IP "Useless use of ``re'' pragma" 4
.IX Item "Useless use of re pragma"
(W) You did \f(CW\*(C`use re;\*(C'\fR without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
.IP "Useless use of sort in scalar context" 4
.IX Item "Useless use of sort in scalar context"
(W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& my $x = sort @y;
.Ve
.Sp
This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
.ie n .IP "Useless use of %s with no values" 4
.el .IP "Useless use of \f(CW%s\fR with no values" 4
.IX Item "Useless use of %s with no values"
(W syntax) You used the \fIpush()\fR or \fIunshift()\fR function with no arguments
apart from the array, like \f(CW\*(C`push(@x)\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`unshift(@foo)\*(C'\fR. That won't
usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's
possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect
if the array is tied to a class which implements a \s-1PUSH\s0 method. If so,
you can write it as \f(CW\*(C`push(@tied_array,())\*(C'\fR to avoid this warning.
.ie n .IP """use"" not allowed in expression" 4
.el .IP "``use'' not allowed in expression" 4
.IX Item "use not allowed in expression"
(F) The \*(L"use\*(R" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
returns no useful value. See perlmod.
.IP "Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated"
(D deprecated) The \f(CW$[\fR variable (index of the first element in an array)
is deprecated. See \*(L"$[\*(R" in perlvar.
.ie n .IP "Use of bare << to mean <<"""" is deprecated" 4
.el .IP "Use of bare << to mean <<``'' is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of bare << to mean <<"""" is deprecated"
(D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted
form if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
.IP "Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated"
(D deprecated) The values you give to a format should be
separated by commas, not just aligned on a line.
.IP "Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as \fIchdir()\fR deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated"
(D deprecated) \fIchdir()\fR with no arguments is documented to change to
\&\f(CW$ENV\fR{\s-1HOME\s0} or \f(CW$ENV\fR{\s-1LOGDIR\s0}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they
will simply fail.
.Sp
Be careful to check that what you pass to \fIchdir()\fR is defined and not
blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
.IP "Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///" 4
.IX Item "Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///"
(W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
.IP "Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g" 4
.IX Item "Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g"
(W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't
use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is
used. (This may change in the future.)
.IP "Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed" 4
.IX Item "Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed"
(F) The construction \f(CW\*(C`my $x := 42\*(C'\fR used to parse as equivalent to
\&\f(CW\*(C`my $x : = 42\*(C'\fR (applying an empty attribute list to \f(CW$x\fR).
This construct was deprecated in 5.12.0, and has now been made a syntax
error, so \f(CW\*(C`:=\*(C'\fR can be reclaimed as a new operator in the future.
.Sp
If you need an empty attribute list, for example in a code generator, add
a space before the \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR.
.IP "Use of freed value in iteration" 4
.IX Item "Use of freed value in iteration"
(F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop?
This error is typically caused by code like the following:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& @a = (3,4);
\& @a = () for (1,2,@a);
.Ve
.Sp
You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over.
For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full
reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the
middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value.
.IP "Use of *glob{\s-1FILEHANDLE\s0} is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated"
(D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{\s-1IO\s0} form
to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
.IP "Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split" 4
.IX Item "Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split"
(W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a \f(CW\*(C`split\*(C'\fR
operator. Since \f(CW\*(C`split\*(C'\fR always tries to match the pattern
repeatedly, the \f(CW\*(C`/g\*(C'\fR has no effect.
.ie n .IP "Use of ""goto"" to jump into a construct is deprecated" 4
.el .IP "Use of ``goto'' to jump into a construct is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of goto to jump into a construct is deprecated"
(D deprecated) Using \f(CW\*(C`goto\*(C'\fR to jump from an outer scope into an inner
scope is deprecated and should be avoided.
.IP "Use of inherited \s-1AUTOLOAD\s0 for non-method %s() is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated"
(D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, \f(CW\*(C`AUTOLOAD\*(C'\fR
subroutines are looked up as methods (using the \f(CW@ISA\fR hierarchy)
even when the subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain
functions (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`Foo::bar()\*(C'\fR), not as methods (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`Foo\->bar()\*(C'\fR or
\&\f(CW\*(C`$obj\->bar()\*(C'\fR).
.Sp
This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for
methods' \f(CW\*(C`AUTOLOAD\*(C'\fRs. However, there is a significant base of existing
code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl
currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited
\&\f(CW\*(C`AUTOLOAD\*(C'\fRs.
.Sp
The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used
to depend on inheriting \f(CW\*(C`AUTOLOAD\*(C'\fR for non-methods from a base class
named \f(CW\*(C`BaseClass\*(C'\fR, execute \f(CW\*(C`*AUTOLOAD = \e&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD\*(C'\fR during
startup.
.Sp
In code that currently says \f(CW\*(C`use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);\*(C'\fR
you should remove AutoLoader from \f(CW@ISA\fR and change \f(CW\*(C`use AutoLoader;\*(C'\fR to
\&\f(CW\*(C`use AutoLoader \*(AqAUTOLOAD\*(Aq;\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "Use of %s in printf format not supported" 4
.el .IP "Use of \f(CW%s\fR in printf format not supported" 4
.IX Item "Use of %s in printf format not supported"
(F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
.ie n .IP "Use of %s is deprecated" 4
.el .IP "Use of \f(CW%s\fR is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of %s is deprecated"
(D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
old way has bad side effects.
.ie n .IP "Use of \-l on filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "Use of \-l on filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Use of -l on filehandle %s"
(W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
The operation returned \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR. Use a filename instead.
.ie n .IP "Use of %s on a handle without * is deprecated" 4
.el .IP "Use of \f(CW%s\fR on a handle without * is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of %s on a handle without * is deprecated"
(D deprecated) You used \f(CW\*(C`tie\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tied\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`untie\*(C'\fR on a scalar but that scalar
happens to hold a typeglob, which means its filehandle will be tied. If
you mean to tie a handle, use an explicit * as in \f(CW\*(C`tie *$handle\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
This was a long-standing bug that was removed in Perl 5.16, as there was
no way to tie the scalar itself when it held a typeglob, and no way to
untie a scalar that had had a typeglob assigned to it. If you see this
message, you must be using an older version.
.IP "Use of ?PATTERN? without explicit operator is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of ?PATTERN? without explicit operator is deprecated"
(D deprecated) You have written something like \f(CW\*(C`?\ew?\*(C'\fR, for a regular
expression that matches only once. Starting this term directly with
the question mark delimiter is now deprecated, so that the question mark
will be available for use in new operators in the future. Write \f(CW\*(C`m?\ew?\*(C'\fR
instead, explicitly using the \f(CW\*(C`m\*(C'\fR operator: the question mark delimiter
still invokes match-once behaviour.
.IP "Use of qw(...) as parentheses is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of qw(...) as parentheses is deprecated"
(D deprecated) You have something like \f(CW\*(C`foreach $x qw(a b c) {...}\*(C'\fR,
using a \f(CW\*(C`qw(...)\*(C'\fR list literal where a parenthesised expression is
expected. Historically the parser fooled itself into thinking that
\&\f(CW\*(C`qw(...)\*(C'\fR literals were always enclosed in parentheses, and as a result
you could sometimes omit parentheses around them. (You could never do
the \f(CW\*(C`foreach qw(a b c) {...}\*(C'\fR that you might have expected, though.)
The parser no longer lies to itself in this way. Wrap the list literal
in parentheses, like \f(CW\*(C`foreach $x (qw(a b c)) {...}\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "Use of reference ""%s"" as array index" 4
.el .IP "Use of reference ``%s'' as array index" 4
.IX Item "Use of reference %s as array index"
(W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably
isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend
to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error.
.Sp
If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so:
\&\f(CW$array[0+$ref]\fR. This warning is not given for overloaded objects,
however, because you can overload the numification and stringification
operators and then you presumably know what you are doing.
.ie n .IP "Use of reserved word ""%s"" is deprecated" 4
.el .IP "Use of reserved word ``%s'' is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of reserved word %s is deprecated"
(D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future
versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either
explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its context of
use, or using a different name altogether. The warning can be
suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a \f(CW\*(C`&\*(C'\fR prefix, or using
a package qualifier, e.g. \f(CW\*(C`&our()\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`Foo::our()\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated" 4
.el .IP "Use of tainted arguments in \f(CW%s\fR is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated"
(W taint, deprecated) You have supplied \f(CW\*(C`system()\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`exec()\*(C'\fR with multiple
arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed
but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your
arguments. See perlsec.
.IP "Use of uninitialized value%s" 4
.IX Item "Use of uninitialized value%s"
(W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
.Sp
To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you
the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases
it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the
undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your program
anid the operation displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear
literally in your program. For example, \f(CW"that $foo"\fR is usually
optimized into \f(CW\*(C`"that " . $foo\*(C'\fR, and the warning will refer to the
\&\f(CW\*(C`concatenation (.)\*(C'\fR operator, even though there is no \f(CW\*(C`.\*(C'\fR in
your program.
.IP "Using a hash as a reference is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Using a hash as a reference is deprecated"
(D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in
\&\f(CW\*(C`%foo\->{"bar"}\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`%$ref\->{"hello"}\*(C'\fR. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1
used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now
deprecated, and will be removed in a future version.
.IP "Using an array as a reference is deprecated" 4
.IX Item "Using an array as a reference is deprecated"
(D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in
\&\f(CW\*(C`@foo\->[23]\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`@$ref\->[99]\*(C'\fR. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to
allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated,
and will be removed in a future version.
.IP "Using just the first character returned by \eN{} in character class" 4
.IX Item "Using just the first character returned by N{} in character class"
(W) A charnames handler may return a sequence of more than one character.
Currently all but the first one are discarded when used in a regular
expression pattern bracketed character class.
.ie n .IP "Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense" 4
.el .IP "Using !~ with \f(CW%s\fR doesn't make sense" 4
.IX Item "Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense"
(F) Using the \f(CW\*(C`!~\*(C'\fR operator with \f(CW\*(C`s///r\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tr///r\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`y///r\*(C'\fR is
currently reserved for future use, as the exact behaviour has not
been decided. (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the
modified string is usually not particularly useful.)
.IP "\s-1UTF\-16\s0 surrogate U+%X" 4
.IX Item "UTF-16 surrogate U+%X"
(W utf8, surrogate) You had a \s-1UTF\-16\s0 surrogate in a context where they are
not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800 and
U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for \s-1UTF\-16\s0. However, Perl
internally allows all unsigned integer code points (up to the size limit
available on your platform), including surrogates. But these can cause
problems when being input or output, which is likely where this message
came from. If you really really know what you are doing you can turn
off this warning by \f(CW\*(C`no warnings \*(Aqsurrogate\*(Aq;\*(C'\fR.
.ie n .IP "Value of %s can be ""0""; test with \fIdefined()\fR" 4
.el .IP "Value of \f(CW%s\fR can be ``0''; test with \fIdefined()\fR" 4
.IX Item "Value of %s can be 0; test with defined()"
(W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <\s-1HANDLE\s0>, <*> (glob),
\&\f(CW\*(C`each()\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`readdir()\*(C'\fR as a boolean value. Each of these constructs
can return a value of \*(L"0\*(R"; that would make the conditional expression
false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these
constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the
\&\f(CW\*(C`defined\*(C'\fR operator.
.ie n .IP "Value of \s-1CLI\s0 symbol ""%s"" too long" 4
.el .IP "Value of \s-1CLI\s0 symbol ``%s'' too long" 4
.IX Item "Value of CLI symbol %s too long"
(W misc) A warning peculiar to \s-1VMS\s0. Perl tried to read the value of an
\&\f(CW%ENV\fR element from a \s-1CLI\s0 symbol table, and found a resultant string
longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to
1024 characters.
.ie n .IP "Variable ""%s"" is not available" 4
.el .IP "Variable ``%s'' is not available" 4
.IX Item "Variable %s is not available"
(W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is
attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available.
This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be
declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created.
(Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous
subs are created at run-time.) For example,
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
.Ve
.Sp
At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of \f(CW$a\fR,
since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely,
the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by
now been created and is live:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& sub { my $a; eval \*(Aqsub f { $a }\*(Aq }\->();
.Ve
.Sp
The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has
gone out of scope, for example,
.Sp
.Vb 5
\& sub f {
\& my $a;
\& sub { eval \*(Aq$a\*(Aq }
\& }
\& f()\->();
.Ve
.Sp
Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently being
executed, so its \f(CW$a\fR is not available for capture.
.ie n .IP "Variable ""%s"" is not imported%s" 4
.el .IP "Variable ``%s'' is not imported%s" 4
.IX Item "Variable %s is not imported%s"
(W misc) With \*(L"use strict\*(R" in effect, you referred to a global variable
that you apparently thought was imported from another module, because
something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by
that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the
front of your variable.
.IP "Variable length lookbehind not implemented in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Variable length lookbehind not implemented in m/%s/"
(F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
known at compile time. See perlre.
.ie n .IP """%s"" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s" 4
.el .IP "``%s'' variable \f(CW%s\fR masks earlier declaration in same \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "%s variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s"
(W misc) A \*(L"my\*(R", \*(L"our\*(R" or \*(L"state\*(R" variable has been redeclared in the
current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the
previous instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note
that the earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope
or until all closure referents to it are destroyed.
.IP "Variable syntax" 4
.IX Item "Variable syntax"
(A) You've accidentally run your script through \fBcsh\fR instead
of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
Perl yourself.
.ie n .IP "Variable ""%s"" will not stay shared" 4
.el .IP "Variable ``%s'' will not stay shared" 4
.IX Item "Variable %s will not stay shared"
(W closure) An inner (nested) \fInamed\fR subroutine is referencing a
lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
.Sp
When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of
the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the
variable will no longer be shared.
.Sp
This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
anonymous, using the \f(CW\*(C`sub {}\*(C'\fR syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they
are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
.IP "vector argument not supported with alpha versions" 4
.IX Item "vector argument not supported with alpha versions"
(W internal) The \f(CW%vd\fR (s)printf format does not support version objects
with alpha parts.
.IP "Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an
argument or check that you are using the right verb.
.IP "Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <\-\- \s-1HERE\s0 in m/%s/" 4
.IX Item "Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/"
(F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument. Remove the
argument or check that you are using the right verb.
.IP "Version number must be a constant number" 4
.IX Item "Version number must be a constant number"
(P) The attempt to translate a \f(CW\*(C`use Module n.n LIST\*(C'\fR statement into
its equivalent \f(CW\*(C`BEGIN\*(C'\fR block found an internal inconsistency with
the version number.
.IP "Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'" 4
.IX Item "Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'"
(W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end, which
are being ignored.
.IP "Warning: something's wrong" 4
.IX Item "Warning: something's wrong"
(W) You passed \fIwarn()\fR an empty string (the equivalent of \f(CW\*(C`warn ""\*(C'\fR) or
you called it with no args and \f(CW$@\fR was empty.
.ie n .IP "Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly" 4
.el .IP "Warning: unable to close filehandle \f(CW%s\fR properly" 4
.IX Item "Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly"
(S) The implicit \fIclose()\fR done by an \fIopen()\fR got an error indication on
the \fIclose()\fR. This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk
space.
.ie n .IP "Warning: Use of ""%s"" without parentheses is ambiguous" 4
.el .IP "Warning: Use of ``%s'' without parentheses is ambiguous" 4
.IX Item "Warning: Use of %s without parentheses is ambiguous"
(S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a
term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand
function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& rand + 5;
.Ve
.Sp
you may \s-1THINK\s0 you wrote the same thing as
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& rand() + 5;
.Ve
.Sp
but in actual fact, you got
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& rand(+5);
.Ve
.Sp
So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
.ie n .IP "Wide character in %s" 4
.el .IP "Wide character in \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Wide character in %s"
(S utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting
one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest
way to quiet this warning is simply to add the \f(CW\*(C`:utf8\*(C'\fR layer to the
output, e.g. \f(CW\*(C`binmode STDOUT, \*(Aq:utf8\*(Aq\*(C'\fR. Another way to turn off the
warning is to add \f(CW\*(C`no warnings \*(Aqutf8\*(Aq;\*(C'\fR but that is often closer to
cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the
filehandle with an encoding, see open and \*(L"binmode\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "Within []\-length '%c' not allowed" 4
.IX Item "Within []-length '%c' not allowed"
(F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by \f(CW\*(C`[TEMPLATE]\*(C'\fR
only if \f(CW\*(C`TEMPLATE\*(C'\fR always matches the same amount of packed bytes that
can be determined from the template alone. This is not possible if
it contains any of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *\-length. Redesign
the template.
.ie n .IP "\fIwrite()\fR on closed filehandle %s" 4
.el .IP "\fIwrite()\fR on closed filehandle \f(CW%s\fR" 4
.IX Item "write() on closed filehandle %s"
(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
before now. Check your control flow.
.ie n .IP "%s ""\ex%X"" does not map to Unicode" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%s\fR ``\ex%X'' does not map to Unicode" 4
.IX Item "%s x%X does not map to Unicode"
(F) When reading in different encodings Perl tries to map everything
into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not legal in
this encoding, for example
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& utf8 "\exE4" does not map to Unicode
.Ve
.Sp
if you try to read in the a\-diaereses Latin\-1 as \s-1UTF\-8\s0.
.IP "'X' outside of string" 4
.IX Item "'X' outside of string"
(F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before
the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "'x' outside of string in unpack" 4
.IX Item "'x' outside of string in unpack"
(F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
the end of the string being unpacked. See \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc.
.IP "\s-1YOU\s0 \s-1HAVEN\s0'T \s-1DISABLED\s0 SET-ID \s-1SCRIPTS\s0 \s-1IN\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1KERNEL\s0 \s-1YET\s0!" 4
.IX Item "YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!"
(F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around
your script.
.ie n .IP "You need to quote ""%s""" 4
.el .IP "You need to quote ``%s''" 4
.IX Item "You need to quote %s"
(W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it \s-1IS\s0
what you want, put an & in front.)
.IP "Your random numbers are not that random" 4
.IX Item "Your random numbers are not that random"
(F) When trying to initialise the random seed for hashes, Perl could
not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates
Something Very Wrong.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
warnings, perllexwarn, diagnostics.
y~or5J ={Eeu磝Qk ᯘG{?+]ן?wM3X^歌>{7پK>on\jy R g/=fOroNVv~Y+ NGuÝHWyw[eQʨSb> >}Gmx[o[<{Ϯ_qF vM IENDB`
